Speaking at the inauguration ceremony in June after being sworn in for the third time as the president of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan promised the nation that his policies in the coming five years would "crown the second century of the republic with the Century of Türkiye". Turkey has...

Europe needs to take more responsibility for its own security. While EU Member States have made substantial new resources available for European defence, and European defence companies are thriving, more needs to be done. National defence spending will likely continue to rise but there is also...

Europe needs to take more responsibility for its own security. While EU Member States have made substantial new resources available for European defence, and European defence companies are thriving, more needs to be done. National defence spending will likely continue to rise but there is also...

This paper examines the growth of military production in Russia since the onset of the war against Ukraine in February 2022. Utilizing official data from Rosstat, the study explores how military production is classified within Russian industrial output statistics. The analysis reveals...

Since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, a process of securitisation of the European Union's (EU) external action can be observed. From an institutional perspective, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) increasingly overlaps with the Common Security and Defence...

What determines the effectiveness of military buildups? We introduce the concept of the military multiplier: the percentage increase in military equipment an additional dollar buys. It varies with the costs of allocating resources to military production, depending, among other things, on the...

Strategic foresight can help address long-term uncertainties by offering insights into the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on national security. This analysis highlights the value of qualitative tools in exploring a variety of future scenarios related to breakthroughs in AI....

The article examines the evolution of the current technological paradigm, based on digital technologies, considering the interaction between civilian and military trajectories, with a focus on the US case. Building on an original political economy framework, the activities of corporations and...

We consider a dynamic setting where two countries with competing claims to a resource/asset first arm and then choose whether to resolve their dispute through war or peacefully through settlement. War precludes international trade and can be destructive, but also locks gains and eliminates...

Faced with the return of high-intensity warfare on the European continent with Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine in 2022, the EU has moved defence high up the agenda. Following the Versailles Declaration of 11 March 2022, in May 2022 the Commission and the High Representative of the...

This study addresses the under-researched role of state-owned-enterprises (SOEs) in global value chains/production networks (GVCs/GPNs). It examines how the economic performance, foreign trade, and value capture of Ukrainian firms - classified by ownership, position in GVCs/GPNs, size, and...

Space systems technologies, specifically space launchers and satellites, allow the EU to protect its space assets, defend its interests, deter hostile activities in space and strengthen its strategic posture and autonomy. Today, more than 65 countries in the world are involved in space...

Robotics, which includes drones, is a dual-use technology with civil and defence applications. Civil applications include industrial robots (the socalled cobots) and service robots in logistics, agriculture, and cleaning services. Exoskeletons (or wearable robotics) are increasingly important in...

The EU should expand its support to the development of Ukraine's defence industry to sustain the country's fighting power, reduce its dependencies on Western aid and boost its domestic economy. Two broad areas demand particular attention. As a matter of urgency Ukraine needs investment in local...

The EU should expand its support to the development of Ukraine's defence industry to sustain the country's fighting power, reduce its dependencies on Western aid and boost its domestic economy. Two broad areas demand particular attention. As a matter of urgency Ukraine needs investment in local...

The need to reconcile climate and defence priorities is becoming increasingly pressing, especially at a time of significant increases in military activities and expenditure. This has received explicit support from the NATO Secretary General, who, in line with efforts undertaken so far by the EU,...

The need to reconcile climate and defence priorities is becoming increasingly pressing, especially at a time of significant increases in military activities and expenditure. This has received explicit support from the NATO Secretary General, who, in line with efforts undertaken so far by the EU,...

War is back in Europe and as it becomes long-lasting, the question of armament gains central importance. This report finds that Russian military industrial capacities have been rising strongly in the last two years, well beyond the levels of Russian material losses in Ukraine. Meanwhile, the...

Die Dauer militärischer Beschaffungen zeigt die wirtschaftliche Notwendigkeit, Bedarfsträger und Bedarfsdeckung institutionell zusammenzuführen, um die Ausrüstung der Bundeswehr schneller und wirtschaftlicher zu beschaffen. Es erscheint sinnvoll, die Rüstungsplanung und -beschaffung unter...

Using a perspective external to the Swedish Armed Forces this study examine the Swedish management of capability and technology development focusing on defence equipment. The study analyses a value chain that identifies activities from strategy definition to delivered capability in the case of...

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has fundamentally changed the terms of Russia-China economic relations. Economic cooperation with China has become vital for the Russian economy. Trade turnover between Russia and China has increased significantly since February 2022. However, Chinese...

Russia's fullscale invasion of Ukraine since 24 February 2022 has not shaken France's security policy as fundamentally as it has Germany's. France sees its previous goals confirmed, particularly in terms of strengthening Europe's strategic sovereignty. Nevertheless, it has been adapting in many...

Die Rüstungsindustrie stand lange Zeit nicht im Fokus der wirtschaftspolitischen Debatte. Der Export von Waffen und Dual-Use-Gütern wird restriktiv gehandhabt. Die Ausgaben für die Ausrüstung der Bundeswehr waren im Vergleich zu anderen Ländern niedrig, was die Branche unter Druck setzte....

There are still a number of UN arms embargoes in place to prevent the flow of arms and military material into conflict zones. Although the UN Security Council is not generally deadlocked on this issue, it has only taken relevant decisions to re-design the embargoes in a few cases over the last...

"New Defense," akin to "NewSpace," challenges the traditional defense industry with innovative, agile, software-first companies. Lack of European equivalent to US tech giants raises concerns about strategic credibility. European technology sector's military assistance to Ukraine remains limited...

Background: Supply chain risk and resilience in non-profit-seeking industries involving governmental agencies and quasi-governmental agencies have been under-studied. This paper focuses on the military industrial supply chain to demonstrate the development of risk assessment and supplier...

Our research reviews theory and empirical evidence in the economics literature and provides a standard value of a statistical life (VSL) applicable to the Department of Defense (DOD). We follow Viscusi (2018a) by conducting a meta-analysis consisting of 1,025 VSL estimates from 68 different...

Over the past decade, Turkey’s defence industry has undergone rapid development and its products have repeatedly proved their military capability. The Bayraktar-TB2 drone - a product of the Turkish manufacturer Baykar - is exported to numerous countries. In Ukraine, it is being used...