Defense spending above the NATO target of 2 percent of gross domestic product would be necessary for Europe to be able to defend itself without the protective umbrella of the United States. This is the conclusion of the new EconPol Policy Brief. European countries would have to significantly...

This article demonstrates that the influence of government ideology on military expenditures is more nuanced than it was shown in previous research and using only aggregated military expenditures may provide ambiguous results. The disaggregation of military expenditures allows concluding that in...

Background: Military logistics has been present from the moment a soldier was created, and its evolution has been influenced by the technology used. Indeed, it has been observed over time that every military revolution was intrinsically caused by a military logistics revolution, directly...

This Element presents an analytical model for assessing the success or failure of innovative large-scale defence projects. To achieve this goal, it constructs a theoretical model based on a three-angle analysis: the International System, the innovative potential, and the domestic political...

Using a data set of historical battles from 1600 to 1973, this paper analyzes the empirical determinants of tactical success in modern war. Based on a reduced form approach we consider key elements of military theory as factors in the production of combat success, formalized in a military...

The beginnings of globalisation are usually dated to the last third of the twentieth century, alongside the rise of supranational companies, the financial economy and the information technology revolution. However, from the time the Earth was "anthropocized" during the Palaeolithic era,...

The aim of this working paper is to explore the domain of aerial warfare through the lens of economic thought, drawing upon rudimentary but salient economic perspectives to discuss the nature of air forces, aerial warfare, and aerospace sectors, particularly in light of the emergence of the...

Many economists have analyzed the efficiency of a volunteered army relative to a conscripted army. However, they have rarely studied the working of real-world alternative, market-based, military institutions where military obligations are traded among the citizens. This paper fills this gap by...

In 2018, the total strength of the Armed Forces (AF) of the Russian Federation did not change. Early in February 2018, the President of the Russian Federation increased by 200 persons to 10,740 persons the ultimate staff number of the Central Office of the Ministry of Defense (without the...

Verteidigungsökonomen untersuchen schon lange, welche Faktoren die Nachfrage nach Verteidigungsausgaben bestimmen1 und was den Handel mit Rüstungsgütern beeinflusst.2 Die Angebotsseite fand hierbei bestenfalls auf Länderebene oder in theoretischen Modellen Beachtung.3 Eine neue Studie auf...

Effective defenses that are designed to protect civilians in war have significant implications for policy planning, military strategy, international relations, domestic politics and economics. Defenses can increase or decrease overall humanitarian welfare. Surprisingly, existing legal...

This textbook examines the economic problems of military organizations from an institutional perspective. It discusses the efficiency and effectiveness of military performance, using a capability-based conceptualization. Constitutional, historical and economic considerations complement the...

Introduction: The Fundamental Economic Problem of the Military -- Institutions and Armed Forces -- Effectiveness of Military Performance -- Efficiency of Military Performance -- Opportunities for Reform.

We study from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective how a network of military alliances and enmities affects the intensity of a conflict. The model combines elements from network theory and from the politico-economic theory of conflict. We obtain a closed-form characterization of the...

This Alert explains the importance of the defence dimensions of Europe's cyber security efforts. In addition to exercises and training, the Union is now increasingly in a position to financially invest in cyber defence.

The European Defence Agency (EDA) collects defence data on an annual basis. The Ministries of Defence of the Agency's 27 Member States (MS) provide the data. EDA acts as the custodian of the data and publishes the aggregated figures in this booklet.

We study from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective how a network of military alliances and enmities affects the intensity of a conflict. The model combines elements from network theory and from the politico-economic theory of conflict. We obtain a closed-form characterization of the...

We study from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective how a network of military alliances and enmities affects the intensity of a conflict. The model combines elements from network theory and from the politico-economic theory of conflict. We postulate a Tullock contest success function...

Using global data for the period 1960-99, Collier and Hoeffler estimate neighborhood arms races. They find that the level of military expenditure is strongly influenced by the expenditure of neighbors. The authors estimate an quot;arms race multiplier,quot; finding that an initial exogenous...

National defense is the textbook example of a public good. In order to understand how economists present public goods to undergraduates, we analyze 50 texts from across three widely taught undergraduate economics courses: principles of economics, intermediate microeconomics, and public finance....

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: War and economic activity -- Chapter 3: From historical situating to the obsolescence of war -- Chapter 4: Imperialism -- Chapter 5: The cost of war -- Chapter 6: Economic rationality or irrelevance of war -- Chapter 7: The merits of war and the armaments...

This Element introduces students, policy-makers, politicians, governments and business-people to this new discipline within economics. It presents the recent history of the subject and its range of coverage. Traditional topics covered include models of arms races, alliances, procurement and...