The modern digital public sphere requires effective content moderation systems that balance the interests of states, technology companies, and the public. This article examines how two pieces of legislation establish regulatory intermediaries in an attempt to strike this balance: the EU's...

Trusted flaggers have long played a role in content moderation: a bilateral, voluntary affair between online platforms and individuals or organisations that are afforded prioritised access to the content moderation process. Due to their expertise, they are trusted to 'flag' illegal or harmful...

This article seeks to explore the socio-demographic determinants underlying the engagement of moderators and the production of content moderation norms in the French Twitch scene. Using a mixed-method approach, it highlights gender, politicisation, social class, and social vulnerability...

Online platforms have transformed how we live. This has raised concerns around how such platforms impact citizens' constitutionally-protected rights and freedoms, such as the freedom of expression and information, right to privacy, and protection from discrimination. To hold online platforms to...

This Flash Eurobarometer, conducted on behalf of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (DG MOVE), attempts to assess whether the MDMS and Single Digital Booking and Ticketing initiatives can improve important factors for travellers when planning a journey in the...

This Flash Eurobarometer, conducted on behalf of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (DG MOVE), attempts to assess whether the MDMS and Single Digital Booking and Ticketing initiatives can improve important factors for travellers when planning a journey in the...

Over the last few years, Europe has witnessed a rapid advance in technology in every sector. The emergence of multimodal digital mobility services (MDMS) has transformed the concept of mobility. In 2020, the European Commission committed to fostering multimodality as part of its Sustainable and...

Purpose - Identify the relationship between the amount of taxes and their payment by a digital enterprise and develop recommendations for improving the quality of e-commerce taxation. Research methodology - On the basis of dialectical and systematic methods, the influence of the amount of the...

As regulators seek to balance user privacy with publisher sustainability, Google's Privacy Sandbox offers a potential replacement for third-party cookies. This paper presents the first independent estimates of the publisher-side economic effects of Privacy Sandbox, a suite of privacy-enhancing...

On October 4, 2021, all services provided by Meta Platforms, Inc. (then Facebook, Inc.) became unavailable unexpectedly for all its worldwide users for a period of about six hours. We use detailed high‐frequency tracking data from smartphones, tablets and desktop computers of thousands of Meta...

Market definition is essential for antitrust analysis, but challenging in settings with network effects, where substitution patterns depend on changes in network size. To address this challenge, we conduct an incentivized experiment to measure substitution patterns for TikTok, a popular social...

This study examines the willingness to pay (WTP) for fully-simulated virtual reality (VR) concerts. The results indicate that the intention to purchase (IP) concert tickets is strongly influenced by payment attitudes, followed by perceived behavioral control (PBC) and subjective norms (SN)....

This essay examines Iran's most extensive internet disruption since 2022, imposed during the June 2025 conflict with Israel, when missile strikes quickly evolved into coordinated cyberattacks on banking, radar, and communications systems. Drawing from direct experience during the blackout, it...

This family-friendly booklet explains in simple terms the European Commission's protection of minors guidelines under the Digital Services Act. It shows how online platforms should keep children and teens safe by putting their rights first, integrating privacy and safety in the design of the...

This family-friendly booklet explains in simple terms the European Commission's protection of minors guidelines under the Digital Services Act. It shows how online platforms should keep children and teens safe by putting their rights first, integrating privacy and safety in the design of the...

Digital businesses continue to grow and generate substantial revenue in market jurisdictions without maintaining a physical presence. They mainly rely on intangibles, user data and user engagement. International tax rules have not kept pace with these developments, leaving many jurisdictions...

Digital Services Taxes (DSTs) and the OECD/G20 BEPS reforms are central pillars of current efforts to tax multinational digital platforms, yet their joint effects remain poorly understood. We develop a model of a platform that sells hardware to consumers and advertising to firms, with the two...

In this study, we examine complementarities in usage across a set of related software products from a multi-product firm. We employ a novel experimental approach to causally estimate complementarities, leveraging rich usage data and advertising experiments that affect usage of one product at a...

The digitization has reshaped the multimedia industry in a tremendous way and particularly driven the transition from physical to digital goods. With respect to the book industry, Amazon reported that purchases of e-books had surpassed those of print books for the first time in 2011. The goal of...

Large scale cross-border contact tracing (CT) was conducted among European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries during the COVID-19 pandemic through the selective exchange module of the electronic EWRS (Early Warning and Response System) of the European Union (EU). The European...

The Digital Services Act (DSA) is a new EU legislative act aimed at creating a safe and trusted online environment that guarantees users' access to legal and safe content, goods and services online, and safeguards their fundamental rights.

A European digital product passport (DPP) could enhance textile industry traceability, circularity, and transparency. This study focuses on the possibility to introduce a DPP, framed within the European Union's strategy for sustainable and circular textiles. It examines the potential, needs,...

Large scale cross-border contact tracing (CT) was conducted among European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries during the COVID-19 pandemic through the selective exchange module of the electronic EWRS (Early Warning and Response System) of the European Union (EU). The European...