Comprehensive information on energy-related topics, such as take-up of heat pumps, industrial natural gas consumption and prices, and battery connections to the electricity grid, is either not available in Europe in a timely manner, or not available at the level of granularity, reliability and...

This report provides a short summary of the work carried out by the START Technical Assistance1 for the Department for Cohesion Policies and the South of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (Dipartimento per le Politiche di Coesione e per il Sud della Presidenza del Consiglio dei...

The EU must remove dependencies from its energy system to ensure energy security. It currently remains too reliant on imported fossil fuels which give external powers excessive control over its energy supply. A generation system powered by Europe's own natural resources would remove this...

The EU must remove dependencies from its energy system to ensure energy security. It currently remains too reliant on imported fossil fuels which give external powers excessive control over its energy supply. A generation system powered by Europe's own natural resources would remove this...

AURORA engages citizens in the energy transition through the creation of energy communities and citizen science hubs. The project brings together universities and a local council across Europe to demonstrate community-led renewable energy initiatives. Participants co-own renewable energy...

With the Green Deal and the energy crisis caused by Russia's war in Ukraine, the EU has accelerated the transition towards importing renew able energy, including green hydrogen, from North Africa. EU decision-makers portray the energy transition as a win-win situation, while civil society actors...

One of the cornerstones to reach a decarbonised energy system by 2050 is the inclusion of a set of flexibility solutions into the energy system to cover the need for flexibility on all timescales. Such flexibility services can come in different ways such as sector coupling, energy storage,...

The aim of this project is to identify the investment requirements for energy infrastructure across each TEN-E infrastructure category, as well as for non-TEN-E electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure, in order to enable a decarbonised economy in the EU. It also evaluates the...

Aim: This article aims to analyze the impact of China's trade with 78 major trading partners on Actual-Open Emission of CO2 (EAO) from 2000 to 2020 in light of the European Union's (EU) goal to reduce CO2 emissions by 20% by 2020 compared to 1990 levels. Research Methods: The research is based...

The objective of this study is to provide insights into the development of the trans-European energy infrastructure in the transition period 2030-2050. In particular, the study focusses on the development of the electricity grid, dedicated hydrogen networks incl. repurposing existing natural gas...

The current survey was commissioned by the Directorate-General for Energy to canvas EU citizens' opinion about a range of issues relating to EU energy policy including: What a European energy policy means to citizens; In which areas the European Union has provided added value for Member States,...

The current survey was commissioned by the Directorate-General for Energy to canvas EU citizens' opinion about a range of issues relating to EU energy policy including: What a European energy policy means to citizens; In which areas the European Union has provided added value for Member States,...

This study explores the legal space for the creation of an EU Climate and Energy Union. As to the concept of an actual Climate and Energy Union, this study relies on the two main targets laid down in the European Climate Law, being a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 55% percent...

This study explores the legal space for the creation of an EU Climate and Energy Union. As to the concept of an actual Climate and Energy Union, this study relies on the two main targets laid down in the European Climate Law, being a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 55% percent...

To serve and protect its citizens from climate change, the EU and its Member States need to act decisively and quickly. This raises the question if EU law currently offers the legal space required for such effective action, for example by creating a true Climate and Energy Union. Where the...

To serve and protect its citizens from climate change, the EU and its Member States need to act decisively and quickly. This raises the question if EU law currently offers the legal space required for such effective action, for example by creating a true Climate and Energy Union. Where the...

Aim: This article aims to analyze the impact of China's trade with 78 major trading partners on Actual-Open Emission of CO2 (EAO) from 2000 to 2020 in light of the European Union's (EU) goal to reduce CO2 emissions by 20% by 2020 compared to 1990 levels. Research Methods: The research is based...

Meeting Europe's 2030 climate targets will require massive clean-electricity investment. To facilitate these investments, state-backed de-risking schemes such as contracts for difference (CfDs) are needed. Their role in supporting renewables has been consolidated by the European Union's recently...

The article presents the energy policy of the European Union (EU) in light of its latest strategy, called the European Green Deal. The article is of particular importance to answer two main questions: What was the importance of two energy packages in the EU energy policy, i.e., the fourth and...

This study analyses the present and future of the European electricity and gas infrastructure, exploring production capacity scenarios and their impact on the electricity system (including the role of interconnections, transmission and distribution grids, prosumers, and storage). It also...

In order to meet the European Green Deal and REPowerEU objectives, the CESEC region needs to step up the efforts for renewable energy deployment, including renewable and low-carbon gases. In order to do so, an adequate network of infrastructure, alongside a fit-for-purpose regulatory framework,...

This report explores key challenges and priorities in safeguarding Europe's critical energy infrastructure against both physical and cyber threats amid rising geopolitical tensions. It follows recent sabotage incidents and the extensive development of new offshore energy infrastructure planned...

The European Emissions Trading System is a cornerstone of the EU climate policy and its development is set until 2030. However, it is unclear what will happen afterwards. This policy brief compares three different scenarios: Rapid Decarbonization, 2050 Climate Neutral and a Break scenario. The...

Starting from the premise that an increase in the use of energy determines a corresponding economic growth, this article aims to determine if at the community level of the European Union there is a causality between energy consumption and economic performance. Thus, using the multiple regression...

Europe, and Germany in particular, have quickly ramped up liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports to partially offset the loss of Russian pipeline gas deliveries. While many observers rightly applaud this historical achievement, there are also concerns that LNG decisions taken in the face of the...

The paper investigates the importance of renewable energy in the energy mix of EU-27 countries, as well as their dependence on imports of gas, oil and petroleum products from the Russian Federation, considering the long-term energy security of the EU-27, as well as the objectives of the...

Ocean energy has been acknowledged in the context of the European Energy Union as a fundamental research and development priority to achieve 2050 climate objectives. The European Green Deal included ocean energy in the technologies necessary toward a transition to climate neutrality. The aim of...

The aim of this report is to provide an update of the state of the art of wind energy technology. This includes onshore and offshore wind and, when available, selected findings on wind technologies at lower technological readiness levels (e.g. research and innovation information on airborne wind...