Climate change affects the daily lives of everyone in the EU and has significant environmental, economic, social and health impacts. To tackle this, the European Green Deal was adopted in 2019. This report examines the Green Deal from a fundamental rights perspective, with the aim of protecting...

With the Green Deal, the European Union (EU) has not only significantly increased the ambition of its climate policy in recent years, but it has also added an international dimension to European domestic climate policy. In fact, numerous recently adopted legal acts directly or indirectly affect...

This paper examines the determinants of individuals’ awareness of EU Energy Labels and the extent to which these labels influence their purchase decisions for electric appliances. The analysis is based on Eurobarometer survey data from 27,438 individuals across 28 EU Member States in 2019....

Climate mitigation requires global action: it does not matter where on earth a tonne of carbon emissions is being saved. Reducing carbon emissions is often cheaper in less developed countries than in EU member states. Therefore, integrating them into the EU Emissions Trading System generates...

The European Union Nature Restoration Law (NRL) entered into force in 2024. The NRL sets quantitative restoration targets aimed at improving natural habitats that are currently in poor condition, with substantial leeway for countries to choose implementation pathways that fit their priorities....

With temperatures rising and the rate and severity of natural disasters increasing, efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change are accelerating. Pursuant to its commitments under the Paris Agreement, the European Union (EU) has adopted a broad range of measures to reduce greenhouse gas...

This report provides an analysis of the information reported electronically on the second Programmes of Measures (PoMs) under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) (Article 13) of 17 EU Member States (MS) (BE, CY, DE, EE, ES, FI, FR, IE, IT, LT, LV, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI and SE). This...

Data taken from environmental observations of the Earth is vital for understanding and mitigating the challenges facing humanity and our planet. But this information must be readily available, and computers and digital systems should be able to fully exploit it and maximise the potential benefit...

Maritime transport plays an essential role in the European Union (EU) economy. It enables trade and contacts between all European nations. It ensures the security of supply of energy, food and commodities and provides the main vehicle for European imports and exports to the rest of the world....

This report aims to convey to the Council, the new Parliament as well as the other EU institutions and stakeholders the latest evidence on the state of water, the pressures water resources are under and Member States' measures to achieve the environmental objectives set in these two Directives....

This report aims to convey to the Council, the new Parliament as well as the other EU institutions and stakeholders the latest evidence on the state of water, the pressures water resources are under and Member States' measures to achieve the environmental objectives set in these two Directives....

Europe's transition towards climate neutrality by 2050 requires major shifts in the structure of our economy and society - and wide societal backing. But how do citizens perceive climate change and what kind of EU climate policies do they support? New survey among German vot- ers shows that...

This briefing provides a first overview of PFAS pollution in water based on monitoring data reported to EEA's Waterbase. PFOS levels are compared with regulatory threshold values, providing an initial understanding of risks in European waters.

The Joint Research Center organised the "Summer school on the evaluation of air, soil and water pollution in support to the European Green Deal: a holistic approach" from 4-8 September 2023, in Novi Sad, Serbia. This event was organized in partnership with the University of Novi Sad (UNS) and...

The Joint Research Center organised the "Summer school on the evaluation of air, soil and water pollution in support to the European Green Deal: a holistic approach" from 4-8 September 2023, in Novi Sad, Serbia. This event was organized in partnership with the University of Novi Sad (UNS) and...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "Dicofol" is reviewed by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers. The current review of the dicofol dossier was carried out after comments of the SCHER in 2011 that indicated a need to reassess the QSbiota value in the light...

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "tributyltin" is reviewed by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers. For TBT, the request to the SCHEER was limited to scrutinizing the QS for benthic organisms. The SCHEER does not endorse the suggested value of 0.3 μg TBT...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

The SCHEER was requested, according to the Mandate from DG Environment, to provide opinions on a series of draft EQS dossiers for newly proposed priority substances and on those EQS dossiers for existing priority substances that were recently updated. The SCHEER welcomes the opportunity to...

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs)" is reviewed by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers.

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "PBDEs" is evaluated by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers. The current EQS Dossier is a revision of the PBDE dossier published in 2011 (EC, 2011). The revision deals with two sections, viz., the biota and the drinking...

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "PAHs" is reviewed by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers. The proposed dossier is a revision of a previous EQS dossier (2018) based on recent data and the procedure proposed in the new EQS Technical Guidance (2018)....

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

This country report has been developed as part of the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' project of the European Commission, Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs and the European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency. It provides data...

This country report has been developed as part of the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' project of the European Commission, Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs and the European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency. It provides data...

The European Green Deal, aimed at making the EU climate-neutral by 2050, outlines a comprehensive approach to sustainability, requiring profound transformation across all industrial sectors. Horizon Europe, the EU's foremost research and innovation programme, can be a critical enabler, providing...

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "HBCDD" is evaluated by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers. However, in the case of HBCDD, the SCHEER was asked specifically to evaluate only the revision of the QSs that relate to secondary poisoning of top predators...

This country report has been developed as part of the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' project of the European Commission, Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs and the European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency. It provides data...

The European Climate Pact is a movement of people united around a common cause, each taking steps in their own worlds to build a more sustainable Europe. Launched by the European Commission, the Pact is part of the European Green Deal and is helping the EU to meet its goal to become...

The European Commission's proposal for a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) aims to address carbon emissions in imports to the EU. This thesis researches the financial implications for exporting countries due to CBAM's implementation, focusing on how it may alter production costs, demand...

The carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) of the European Union (EU) may become a significant global climate policy milestone. The EU trade partners most willing to accept CBAM could help it gain the critical mass necessary for survival and broader adoption. The cooperation of the world's...

Despite significant progress, air pollution still causes €600 billion in losses each year in the European Union - equal to 4 percent of its annual GDP. These costs stem from productivity losses such as increased absenteeism, the reduction of in-job productivity and harm to ecosystems. Air...

Klimaneutralität ist in Europa bis 2050 nicht ohne erhebliche Veränderungen in unserer Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftsstruktur zu erreichen - und nicht ohne breite gesellschaftliche Unterstützung für diese Transformation. Doch wie nehmen die Bürger:innen den Klimawandel wahr - und welche Art...

The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question...

The outgoing European Commission has published its Communication on a 2040 climate target as its last major climate policy initiative before the 2024 European elections. By recommending a net emissions reduction target of 90 per cent compared to 1990 levels, it lays the strategic foundations for...