Climate change affects the daily lives of everyone in the EU and has significant environmental, economic, social and health impacts. To tackle this, the European Green Deal was adopted in 2019. This report examines the Green Deal from a fundamental rights perspective, with the aim of protecting...

This paper examines the determinants of individuals’ awareness of EU Energy Labels and the extent to which these labels influence their purchase decisions for electric appliances. The analysis is based on Eurobarometer survey data from 27,438 individuals across 28 EU Member States in 2019....

With the Green Deal, the European Union (EU) has not only significantly increased the ambition of its climate policy in recent years, but it has also added an international dimension to European domestic climate policy. In fact, numerous recently adopted legal acts directly or indirectly affect...

Europe's transition towards climate neutrality by 2050 requires major shifts in the structure of our economy and society - and wide societal backing. But how do citizens perceive climate change and what kind of EU climate policies do they support? New survey among German vot- ers shows that...

This briefing provides a first overview of PFAS pollution in water based on monitoring data reported to EEA's Waterbase. PFOS levels are compared with regulatory threshold values, providing an initial understanding of risks in European waters.

The Joint Research Center organised the "Summer school on the evaluation of air, soil and water pollution in support to the European Green Deal: a holistic approach" from 4-8 September 2023, in Novi Sad, Serbia. This event was organized in partnership with the University of Novi Sad (UNS) and...

The Joint Research Center organised the "Summer school on the evaluation of air, soil and water pollution in support to the European Green Deal: a holistic approach" from 4-8 September 2023, in Novi Sad, Serbia. This event was organized in partnership with the University of Novi Sad (UNS) and...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "Dicofol" is reviewed by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers. The current review of the dicofol dossier was carried out after comments of the SCHER in 2011 that indicated a need to reassess the QSbiota value in the light...

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "tributyltin" is reviewed by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers. For TBT, the request to the SCHEER was limited to scrutinizing the QS for benthic organisms. The SCHEER does not endorse the suggested value of 0.3 μg TBT...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

The SCHEER was requested, according to the Mandate from DG Environment, to provide opinions on a series of draft EQS dossiers for newly proposed priority substances and on those EQS dossiers for existing priority substances that were recently updated. The SCHEER welcomes the opportunity to...

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs)" is reviewed by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers.

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "PBDEs" is evaluated by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers. The current EQS Dossier is a revision of the PBDE dossier published in 2011 (EC, 2011). The revision deals with two sections, viz., the biota and the drinking...

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "PAHs" is reviewed by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers. The proposed dossier is a revision of a previous EQS dossier (2018) based on recent data and the procedure proposed in the new EQS Technical Guidance (2018)....

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

This country report has been developed as part of the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' project of the European Commission, Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs and the European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency. It provides data...

This country report has been developed as part of the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' project of the European Commission, Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs and the European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency. It provides data...

The European Green Deal, aimed at making the EU climate-neutral by 2050, outlines a comprehensive approach to sustainability, requiring profound transformation across all industrial sectors. Horizon Europe, the EU's foremost research and innovation programme, can be a critical enabler, providing...

The dossier on Environmental Quality Standards for "HBCDD" is evaluated by the SCHEER according to the general mandate on EQS dossiers. However, in the case of HBCDD, the SCHEER was asked specifically to evaluate only the revision of the QSs that relate to secondary poisoning of top predators...

This country report has been developed as part of the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' project of the European Commission, Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs and the European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency. It provides data...

The European Climate Pact is a movement of people united around a common cause, each taking steps in their own worlds to build a more sustainable Europe. Launched by the European Commission, the Pact is part of the European Green Deal and is helping the EU to meet its goal to become...

The European Commission's proposal for a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) aims to address carbon emissions in imports to the EU. This thesis researches the financial implications for exporting countries due to CBAM's implementation, focusing on how it may alter production costs, demand...

The carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) of the European Union (EU) may become a significant global climate policy milestone. The EU trade partners most willing to accept CBAM could help it gain the critical mass necessary for survival and broader adoption. The cooperation of the world's...

Despite significant progress, air pollution still causes €600 billion in losses each year in the European Union - equal to 4 percent of its annual GDP. These costs stem from productivity losses such as increased absenteeism, the reduction of in-job productivity and harm to ecosystems. Air...

The outgoing European Commission has published its Communication on a 2040 climate target as its last major climate policy initiative before the 2024 European elections. By recommending a net emissions reduction target of 90 per cent compared to 1990 levels, it lays the strategic foundations for...

Using a novel cross-country dataset, which merges firm-level financials with information on firms’ participation in the European Unions’ Emissions Trading System (ETS), we investigate how firm performance is affected by tightening of environmental policies that put a price on pollution. We...

It will be impossible to contain the global temperature rise to 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels unless emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) decarbonise much more rapidly. This policy brief examines the economic case for advanced-country financial support for...

By 2030, the European Union must reduce emissions from the heating and cooling of buildings - responsible for 13 percent of EU emissions - by the equivalent of the annual emissions of Slovakia. This requires a near tripling of the current decarbonisation rate. But the time gap between high...

Cohesion policy in the European Union (EU) has been widely accepted as a tool to advance the catch-up process, i.e., helping member countries with lower GDP per capita to grow faster economically in order to arrive at similarly high-income levels as member countries with higher GDP per capita....

The bioeconomy covers all sectors and systems that rely on biological resources (animals, plants, microorganisms and derived biomass, including organic waste), their functions and principles. Compiling a robust information or evidence base is an essential component of better policymaking and one...

Putting a price on carbon - with taxes or developing carbon markets - is a widely used policy measure to achieve the target of net-zero emissions by 2050. This paper tackles the issue of producing point, direction-of-change, and density forecasts for the monthly real price of carbon within the...

We collect data on 24,000 state aid cases within the European Union to create granular measures of national environmental support and study their interactions with the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). Exploiting variation in regulated installations' exposure to carbon prices and...

Klimaneutralität ist in Europa bis 2050 nicht ohne erhebliche Veränderungen in unserer Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftsstruktur zu erreichen - und nicht ohne breite gesellschaftliche Unterstützung für diese Transformation. Doch wie nehmen die Bürger:innen den Klimawandel wahr - und welche Art...

The increasing economic activity, population growth and urbanisation are placing increasing stress on Europe's freshwater resources. The European Union's Water Framework Directive (WFD) aimed to establish measures to foster efficient use of this valuable natural resource while simultaneously...

In this research, our aim was to try to understand the true nature of the CBAM, proposed by the European Commission, from a WTO standpoint. With all the complexities surrounding the EU's domestic political ambitions, how its trading partners may react under the WTO, and how international law,...