The representation and significance of women in the labor force have grown significantly over the past five decades around the globe. Using nationally representative data from more than 90 countries, this paper documents distinct gender patterns in employment transitions across both sectors and...

Structural change means a long-term change in the composition of economic output: agriculture, industry, and services. First, we describe this process in the context of Thailand. Second, we analyse its causes using a simple, comparative static computable general equilibrium model of the Thai...

The study examines Dar es Salaam's potential as a focal point for structural transformation, highlighting its emergence as a significant economic hub. Through a mixed-methods approach, the research investigates how urban development is shaped by institutional, economic, political, and spatial...

Understanding the structural change in catching-up regions and the spatial distribution of economic sectors is essential for designing comprehensive policy strategies to promote balanced economic development. This study examines the economic restructuring of the 11 central and eastern European...

This paper examines how African cities can reconcile rapid urbanization and development imperatives with urgent decarbonization goals through structural transformation. It begins by mapping key sources of urban carbon - energy poverty, inefficient buildings, poor planning, transport systems,...

Seven decades ago, Simon Kuznets put forward the hypothesis that as economies developed, national inequality would first increase and then decrease-an inverted U-shape. He provided preliminary evidence for the hypothesis on the basis of the limited data available at the time, and theorized the...

Transformation is key term in the broader study of socio-economic provisioning system that has gained increased prominence and visibility in recent years due to intensifying economic, social and ecological risks and crises in the global economy. In this short review we assess key understandings...

Transformation is key term in the broader study of socio-economic provisioning system that has gained increased prominence and visibility in recent years due to intensifying economic, social and ecological risks and crises in the global economy. In this short review we assess key understandings...

Coal regions are particularly vulnerable to the plans to reduce regional pollution and move towards a climate-neutral economy. The European Union therefore supports the transition away from coal in those regions that are socio-economically most affected to reduce negative impacts for...

This paper examines the services sector's contribution to the South African economy and the extent to which the sector can drive structural transformation. The South African economy has continued along a path of tertiarization and can be classified as a de facto services-based economy....

The toolkit provides practical knowledge about systemic integration of economic diversification into policy making with a focus on tools and examples, as well as an overview of the key sectors for future development.

Recent evidence shows that imports of critical products can be concentrated on a small number of supplier countries. Such supplies are therefore vulnerable to disruption, whether because unfriendly governments seek to weaponize dependency or for other reasons. In a laissez-faire equilibrium,...

This chapter analyzes the distinct adjustment paths of U.S. labor markets (places) and U.S. workers (people) to increased Chinese import competition during the 2000s. Us- ing comprehensive register data for 2000-2019, we document that employment levels more than fully rebound in trade-exposed...

In 2011, the American Economic Association (AEA) changed its peer review policy for all their journals, shifting from a double-blind process to a single-blind peer-review process. Under this new system, referees became aware of the authors' identities. In this paper, I explore whether this...

Over the past five years, euro area growth has been marked by persistent headwinds, with average growth falling short of the 2016-2019 period. This muted growth dynamic calls for the need to examine country-level sectoral drivers to better understand the evolution of the region's potential...

The present study investigates Vietnam's economic structural transformation from 2007 to 2023, identifying key sectors contributing to output growth and poverty reduction. The study is situated within the broader context of industrialization and sustainable development in emerging economies. It...

For decades, industrial policy and competition policy have been viewed as inherently conflicting, particularly where state intervention may distort markets. However, the current era of geopolitical uncertainty, technological transformation and fragile global supply chains calls for a rethinking...

This study examines the complex relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in G7 countries, emphasizing the critical role of renewable energy in addressing climate change and facilitating the transition to a low-carbon economy. Using heterogeneous panel data models,...

Are workers with poor outside opportunities less responsive and more susceptible to negative demand shifts in routine occupations? To answer this, I create and estimate an occupation specialization index (OSI) using Swedish register data and machine learning tools. It measures the expected...

Inequality at the top is on the rise, and labour income is a progressively larger contributor to concentration at the top. This paper investigates top earnings inequality in South Africa from a sectoral and firm-level perspective, using matched employer-employee administrative data. We also...

Kuznets predicts an economy's return to low inequality once structural transformation has peaked. I explore some headwinds to falling inequality in developing countries given their thorough engagement in the globalized market Kuznets could not have foreseen. Headwinds include plutocrats' abuse...

The surge in women's participation in the workforce has been a defining feature of advanced economies in recent decades. This paper explores cross‑country variations in the relationship between service sector expansion and female employment in Europe and the US. We estimate the elasticity of...

We study changes in job reallocation in Europe after 2000 using novel microaggregated data that we collected for 19 European countries. In all countries, we document broad-based declines in job reallocation rates that concern most economic sectors and size classes. These declines are mainly...

We study the effects of services trade reforms in a multi-country multi-sector quantitative trade model with input-output linkages. We find that (i) welfare gains from substantial services trade liberalization are large, around 3 percent on average; (ii) gains are larger by 0.7 percentage points...

This paper examines the impact of growth of the service sector on economic fluctuations and its underlying mechanisms from the perspective of global production networks. We analyze this mechanism by constructing general equilibrium model of production networks and empirically test it by using...