The employment share of legal services in the U.S. more than doubled during 1970–1990, in stark contrast to stability during 1850–1970 and after 1990. The relative wage of lawyers and law firm partners also doubled between 1970 and 1990. We argue that this demand shift was driven by...

This study investigates how institutional rules and fairness in enforcement affect cooperation and compliance in heterogenous groups. In a preregistered online experiment (n = 1, 254), we vary both the existence of a rule governing contributions to a public good as well as whether enforcement of...

This chapter, forthcoming in the Research Handbook on Law and Time (F. Fagan & S. Levmore eds., Edward Elgar 2024), offers a contribution to the economics of legal transition. It argues that the lawmaker should mitigate the burden generated by the risk of legal change by avoiding "extreme"...

We examine the relationship between scientific knowledge and the legal system with a focus on the exclusion of expert testimony from trial as ruled by the Daubert standard in the US. We introduce a simple framework to understand and assess the role of judges as “gatekeepers”, monitoring the...

In today’s globalized competitive landscape several dimensions such as labour, markets and capital are integrated. As a result, companies attempt to gain inbound foreign capital. To achieve that they investigate away countries to host their operations and to trade their shares. While the...

Legal academics, journalists, and senior executive branch officials alike have assumed that the cost of imposing new regulatory requirements is higher in severe recessions that drive the central bank's policy rate to zero than in other times. This is not correct; the aggregate output costs of...

The relevance of the study is due to the presence of some problematic aspects in the institute of representation of Kazakhstan, in connection with which the level of effectiveness of citizens' realisation of their inherent rights decreases. The study aims to evaluate recommendations for removal,...

Rational parties enter into a contract if the agreement is mutually beneficial. However, after the contract is formed, changes to the costs and/or benefits of performance may render the original contract undesirable. In this paper, we carry out an incentivized experiment to study the effect of...

Exponential progress in the area of ICT improves access to data and information, which in its turn can lead to greater accessibility, reduced complexity, efficiency and respect of fundamental rights in policy, law making and implementation of law. Drafting and publication of laws need to be...

Exponential progress in the area of ICT improves access to data and information, which in its turn can lead to greater accessibility, reduced complexity, efficiency and respect of fundamental rights in policy, law making and implementation of law. Drafting and publication of laws need to be...

This study presents a meta-regression analysis on the literature of courts efficiency. The metadata set comprises 264 efficiency scores retrieved from 36 papers published from 1992 to 2019. Our models explain a substantial proportion of both within- and between-study heterogeneity. Estimates...

This paper studies how litigation and settlement behavior is affected by agents motivated by spiteful preferences under the American and the English fee-shifting rule. We conduct an experiment and find that litigation expenditures and settlement requests are higher for more spiteful...

Fraudulent transfers, as defined under the Transfer of Property act entail two kinds of transfers which are voidable at the instance of the aggrieved parties. The present paper analyses the ambit of Section 53 of the Act, the essential elements of fraudulent transfers and the enforcement of...

This introduction to Methodology in Private Law Theory: Between New Private Law and Rechtsdogmatik (Thilo Kuntz and Paul B. Miller, eds., Oxford University Press, forthcoming) provides a thematic overview methodological questions and positions taken in contemporary American and German private...

Artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionise healthcare but it may also constitute a new paradigm for medical law. This dissertation will focus on medical AI (mAI) that is used for providing personalised treatment recommendations. This dissertation carries four aims: First, to introduce the...

This chapter surveys the relationship between Christianity and the law of torts. The field of tort law is briefly explained, then its relation to Christian legal thought is explored through a discussion of the tension between instrumentalist and noninstrumentalist accounts of tort law. The...

With the present multigenerational labor force, organizations can't work with a one-size-fits-all approach. Innovation, the economy, training systems, and growth styles influence how employees learn and work. By expecting all younger-age employees – Generation Y and Generation Z – to show...

Intellectual property law is not prepared for a world where non-humans create significant inventions, music, literature, and art. Generative artificial intelligence’s ability to produce valuable properties without attributable authorship defies the theories of ownership that underlie modern...

As suggested by empirical evidence, law enforcement in one market often results in adverse effects in others. Current theoretical models are ill-suited to investigate this, because while we already know much about the optimal law enforcement for a single market or multiple but independent...

The legal ethics of class actions is a mess, with many conflicting answers and lingering, unresolved questions. The culprit is a fundamental lack of agreement regarding the identity of the client, without which it is impossible to consistently resolve concerns about conflicts of interest and...

We consider the optimal liability rule in the case of accidents by fully autonomous vehicles. We show that when due activity is not enforceable, it is socially optimal to apply the strict liability rule to the human operator who determines the activity level and to apply the negligence rule to...

The practice of copyright was once a perfect balance, reflecting the intent of the Founders to create an environment where new works were constantly made available to the public for consumption and use. The author would create a work, a user would buy a copy and be free to use it. Neither party...

In the common law legal system, the main sources of law are habits that live in society as a legal culture, as well as agreements that have been agreed upon by the parties. Meanwhile, in the civil law legal system, the regulations set by the government are the main source of law. There are two...

Who is responsible when a semi-autonomous vehicle crashes? Automobile manufacturers claim that because Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) require constant human oversight even when autonomous features are active, the driver is always fully responsible when supervised autonomy fails. This...

Administrative law has the objective of protecting individuals from the possible abuse that they can encounter from powerful administrative branch of the government. This law also governs the conditions and procedures in which administrative decisions can be reviewed by court. However, judicial...

The aim of this study is to elucidate whether arbitration offers advantages compared to the patent litigation system which is currently existing in Germany. To answer this question three essential characteristics of the current German patent litigation system are presented, i.e. the economic...

For many decades, courts across the United States have experimented with administering justice in virtual spaces. But the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated those experiments in some jurisdictions and forced other jurisdictions to adopt new technologies to process cases. While trials, particularly...

It is a significant responsibility of the national governments to protect their country’s interests and sovereignty over their territory. As part of their security responsibilities, they are required to impose restrictions on their borders and try to defend the state against threats. But,...