Governments across the globe are implementing stricter environmental policies to combat climate change and promote sustainability. This study contributes to the growing literature exploring the influence of environmental policy on skill-biased employment across various occupations. Specifically,...

In this paper, we compare the economic and welfare implications of two carbon pricing policies, namely the European Cap and Trade (CaT) regime and the Chinese Tradeable Performance Standard (TPS). The former sets an economy-wide emissions target and forces firms to purchase sufficient...

Environmental regulations have been extensively studied in the context of advocating green development. As one of the most stringent laws in history, the new Environmental Protection Law (EPL) of 2015 has greatly affected the production and development of enterprises. In this context, and in the...

This paper analyzes compliance with emission regulations, focusing on investment in innovation and cheating as primary strategies. Firms prioritize developing a truly compliant technology but may activate a cheating device depending on the outcome of innovation, the monitoring system in place,...

When environmental regulations are unpopular, policymakers often attribute resistance to information frictions and poor communication. We test this idea in the context of a major climate policy: Germany’s Heating Law of 2023, which mandates the phase-out of fossil fuel heating. Through a...

Environmental regulations, particularly tax-based measures, significantly impact firm productivity and corporate behavior. This study uses China's Environmental Protection Tax (EPT) law as a quasi-natural experiment to explore whether and how such tax-based environmental regulations influence...

As a unique environmental regulation in China, the official accountability audit was piloted in 2014. With a focus on prioritizing the ecological environment, officials in pilot districts have implemented economic construction, adjusted industrial structures, and promoted coordinated development...

Using a stacked differences-in-differences approach, we study the effects of Low Emission Zones (LEZs) in Germany. The implementation of stage 1 and 2 LEZs, which banned the most pollution-intensive vehicles from city centers, significantly reduced PM10 concentrations. The most restrictive third...

Private actors have been actively working on standards that certify products and their production processes to minimize negative externalities. The number of Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) has been increasing over the last few decades, raising interest in understanding their impact on...

Real manufacturing output increased rapidly in China from 1998 to 2012 while sulfur dioxide (SO2) pollution emissions grew at a much lower rate. To study the reasons for this, I focus on the contributions of environmental policy, trade liberalization, and other factors linked to China's...

Environmental protection is closely related to high-quality economic developments. Based on the matching of micro-databases from 2000 to 2008, this study used the "Regulations on the Collection and Use of Pollution Fees" policy implemented in China in 2003 as the exogenous impact to construct...

We identify and examine a novel welfare channel of fuel economy standards through the in-teraction with public transit and households’ location choices. A stricter emission standard for cars decreases the marginal cost of driving and triggers a shift in modal choice from public to private...

We examine the extent to which environmental regulation affects innovation and which policy types provide the strongest incentives to innovate. Using a local projection framework, we estimate the regulatory impact on patenting activity over a five-year horizon. As a proxy for environmental...

Using China's A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2020, this paper empirically investigates the relationship between environmental regulation and corporate environmental investment, and the moderating effect of green credit on this relationship. The paper finds that environmental regulation...

Exploring the coupling and coordinated development of formal and informal environmental regulation, as well as their impact on the upgrading of the industrial structure of urban agglomerations, represents a new breakthrough. The comprehensive index of formal environmental regulation, informal...

The rise of shale gas and tight oil development has triggered a major debate about hydraulic fracturing (HF). In an effort to bring light to HF practices and their potential risks to water quality, many U.S. states have mandated disclosure for HF wells and the fluids used. We employ this setting...

This paper aims to comprehensively examine the impact of China's environmental decentralization on corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and investigate the underlying mechanisms. We analyze data from Chinese listed firms spanning from 2010 to 2020. The empirical...

Voluntary sustainability standards offer potential for sustainable development by improving the livelihoods of smallholder cash crop farmers while conserving biodiversity. However, their overall implications remain poorly understood, as studies have mostly focused on assessing their effects on...

The rapid increase in global carbon emissions has raised significant concerns, prompting various environmental regulations, including China's low-carbon pilot policy. Prior studies have shown mixed results regarding the impact of environmental regulations on firms' export performance. Using data...

This study examines the impact of trade and environmental agreements on trade in the Andean Community (CAN) and the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) during the period 2001-2019. Using a panel data methodology, the study analyses the effects of ratifying a number of agreements (the Paris...

To address global warming, the EU introduced the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in 2023, raising concerns about its potential negative effects on GDP and trade volumes in the Global South, including China, India, and African countries. The Border Tax Adjustment (BTA) is perceived as a...