In case of unlawful State aid, Art. 24(2) of Regulation 2015/1589 guarantees the possibility to submit a complaint to "any interested party". The preamble to Regulation 2015/1589 even encourages the submission of such claims. Interested parties are defined by Art. 1(h) of this Regulation as "any...

Die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Coronapandemie haben die Volkswirtschaften der EU schwer getroffen. Zur Unterstützung haben die Mitgliedstaaten erhebliche Finanzmittel in die Wirtschaft gelenkt und die EU hat die entsprechenden Beihilferegeln, die den Wettbewerb im Binnenmarkt schützen...

Das Handwerk hat in Deutschland eine große wirtschaftliche Bedeutung und ist unverzichtbar, um eine Vielzahl von Herausforderungen der Gegenwart und Zukunft zu meistern. Gleichzeitig ist es mit dem Handwerksrecht einem Rechtsregime unterworfen, das in Europa einzigartig ist. Die vorliegende...

An Introduction of the Impact of EU Primary Law on Renewable Energy Support Schemes -- Renewable Energy Support Schemes as State Aid -- The Compatibility with the Internal Market of Renewable Energy Support Schemes that Constitute State Aid -- Renewable Energy Support Schemes and the Law of the...

The European Commission has adopted a new notice on the enforcement of State aid rules by national courts. The New Enforcement Notice replaces the 2009 Enforcement Notice, providing updated practical guidance for national judges facing private claims to remedy the unlawful granting of State aid,...

Helping the economy through state intervention is in principle forbidden in the European Union. Article 107(1) TFEU, contains a general prohibition of state aid, defined as aid granted by MS (MS) through state resources, which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain...

In the Covid pandemic, European State aid law was liberalised to guarantee member States the possibility of supporting the economy. In an economic crisis, the tension between the possibility to counteract and fair competition comes particularly to the fore. The European Commission gave priority...

Während der Handelskonflikt zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und der Volksrepublik China spätestens seit der Präsidentschaft Donald Trumps im Fokus einer breiten Öffentlichkeit steht, hat auch die Europäische Union (EU) China als Systemrivalen ausgemacht. Deswegen sah sich die...

This article provides a brief analysis of the Court of Justice of the EU decision of 16 March 2021, C 562/19 P European Commission v Republic of Poland, addressing issues of state aid and progressive turnover taxation

I investigate whether bank bailouts since the outbreak of the financial crisis affected competition in the European banking markets. Using a unique dataset on large bank rescues I compare the development of market power of rescued and non-rescued banks between 2000 and 2018. I find that bank...

The Member States of the European Union push hard to address modern environmental challenges they face and achieve their environmental targets. However, in doing so, they need to comply with European Union law: the State aid policy and the ‘polluter pays’ principle often seem as obstacles...

During the financial crisis, companies and lenders found themselves in distressed situations. Competition authorities across the globe had to deal with controversial issues such as the application of the ‘failing firm’ defence in merger transactions as well as assessment of emergency aid...

EU State aid control has been a tool for the Member States to swiftly counteract the economic losses of the COVID-19 crisis and keep businesses afloat. The present paper assessed how the recent relaxation of EU State aid control by the Temporary Framework for State Aid (TF) has changed the...

Das Handwerk hat in Deutschland eine große wirtschaftliche Bedeutung und ist unverzichtbar, um eine Vielzahl von Herausforderungen der Gegenwart und Zukunft zu meistern. Gleichzeitig ist es mit dem Handwerksrecht einem Rechtsregime unterworfen, das in Europa einzigartig ist. Die vorliegende...

Impaired assets such as non-performing loans (“NPLs”) continue to pose significant problems across the EU. When possible solutions are being considered, “bad banks” or similar impaired asset relief measures are oſten discussed. However, if they involve support by the State such measures...

The article examines the relationship between the rules on State aid and the fundamental freedoms when ruling on the compatibility with EU law of domestic transfer pricing provisions, based on the arm's length principle. It shows that the Commission's recent practice concerning State aid on...

The sun is setting on the days when multinationals could establish intricate tax systems to drastically reduce their tax bills. Since the 1990s, the OECD and the EU have taken resolute steps to compel their members to eradicate corporate tax elusion and harmful tax competition. These solutions...

The provisions of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union concerning state aid have remained unchanged practically since the beginning of the European economic integration. The same wording can be found already in the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community signed in...

As a result of the global lockdown, countries around the globe are now facing multiple crises at the same time: a health crisis, a financial crisis, and a collapse in commodity prices, which all interact in complex ways. As a reaction governments and policymakers are providing unparalleled...

This chapter revisits the interaction between the EU rules on State aid and on public procurement. It probes the standard presumption that compliance with EU procurement rules excludes the existence of State aid because public tenders are apt to replicate market conditions and thus suppress any...

Ageing populations and rising skill demands have heightened expectations that higher education systems will widen their offer of continuing education and training (CET) for adults aiming to renew or augment their skills at an advanced level. CET is becoming increasingly important for maintaining...

The European Union is bound to a duty of consistency between its internal policies and external action and a duty of sincere cooperation with its Member States. When addressing the status of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines and the OECD arm’s length principle, the European Commission has...

Eine alternde Bevölkerung und ein steigender Bedarf an Kompetenzen verstärken die Erwartungen, dass die Hochschulen Weiterbildungsangebote für Erwachsene, die ihre Qualifikationen auf einem höheren Niveau erneuern oder erweitern wollen, ausbauen werden. Weiterbildung wird auch in Deutschland...