Russia apparently aims to be capable of attacking targets in the Baltic Sea region from Lake Ladoga, which is located north of Saint Petersburg and only 40 kilometres from the Finnish border. Since 2023, Russia has been evaluating the deployment of corvettes equipped with cruise missiles there....

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine marked the start of a prolonged confrontation between Moscow and Europe - one that is fundamentally reshaping the parameters of European security. The return of Donald Trump to the White House and his stated intent to quickly end the war in Ukraine and put...

Background Healthcare expenditures have risen in middle- and high-income countries. One of the potential contributors is the overuse of diagnostics. I explore whether medical imaging is overused when privately owned clinics in Finland treat patients with voluntary private health insurance...

Background Within Finland's breast cancer screening program, all women aged 50-69 are invited to biennial screening. Current European guidelines recommend screening in ages 45-49 and 70-74 conditional upon, inter alia, demonstrated context-specific cost-effectiveness. This study aims to...

This unique insight into the corporate investment in Finland examines companies' finance needs and the constraints they face. The 2024 edition also provides insight into the pressing issues facing firms, such as climate change, high energy costs and the green transition. The survey, which has...

The VAT Gap represents the difference between expected VAT revenues and those actually collected, reflecting compliance challenges, policy inefficiencies, and enforcement gaps. As part of the European Commission's ongoing efforts to improve VAT compliance and revenue collection, these 27 country...

Enforcement of national ELD legislation in Finland is low. Between 2013 and November 2021 there had only been one ELD occurrence involving water damage, one ELD occurrence involving an imminent threat of water damage, and two potential ELD occurrences (one involving water damage and biodiversity...

Overall, Finland's government effectiveness continues to rank above average in EU-27 comparisons of 2022. Its performance has remained nearly the same since 2010, although the score has clearly slightly decreased from 2.23 in 2010 to 1.76 in 2022. It is difficult to assess the reasons behind the...

This report documents the work done in the most recent annual update for Finland. This work was carried out by the EUROMOD core development team, based at the JRC in Seville, in collaboration with the national team.

This Policy Support Facility (PSF) report responds to the request of the Office of the Prime Minister of Finland to explore the obstacles that hinder public-private R&D collaboration within Finland's research and innovation (R&I) ecosystem and to provide operational recommendations to the...

The aim is to identify gaps in the monitoring network for Finland according to the revised Ambient Air Quality Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/2881). The analysis is conducted considering the data officially reported by Finland for the last five years (2019-2023) to EEA's Repornet2. Data has been...

Russia apparently aims to be capable of attacking targets in the Baltic Sea region from Lake Ladoga, which is located north of Saint Petersburg and only 40 kilometres from the Finnish border. Since 2023, Russia has been evaluating the deployment of corvettes equipped with cruise missiles there....

Our research has focused on addressing the following research questions for the growth strategies of SMEs: (1) What are the stages of profitable growth, and what factors contribute to these growth stages? (2) Which critical factors must be addressed for an organization to progress to the next...

Cedefop's work on qualifications frameworks dates back to 2003. The Centre has contributed to the conceptual development of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and has supported its further implementation, working alongside national authorities and stakeholders to introduce and develop...

This paper explores post-pandemic developments and analyses post-COVID matching dynamics in the Nordic labour markets. It also discusses the role of institutions and the policies implemented to address labour market mismatch in the region. The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a recession, with a...

This paper examines how firms' environmental performance responds to product- and destination-specific export demand shocks in their export markets. We draw on unique administrative data for Finnish manufacturing firms from 1999 to 2018, matched with national customs records, greenhouse gas...

This report contains a case study for the Study supporting the Impact assessment of the future European Social Fund proposal. Achieving structural change: conditions for success in the areas of ESF intervention. The reform under assessment focuses on the 2015 pension reform in Finland, and...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore how the operational capabilities for pay-per-outcome business model are deployed in the context of indoor environment. In the past decade, product-service systems have attracted interest from various industries as firms seek new ways to create...

This working paper investigates intangible investments in Finnish firms from 2014 to 2019, utilizing comprehensive, register-based data from Statistics Finland. We analyze seven categories of internal intangible investments and observe that these investments are highly concentrated, with the top...

Closer distance between parents and their children facilitates intergenerational contact and exchanges of support in later life. There are mixed narratives and evidence regarding the divergence—or convergence—of intergenerational proximity in ageing societies. In this study, we examine the...

The Commission carried out a study to look at consumer behaviours concerning food waste and date marking. The study covered over 25000 participants from across all 27 EU Member States, who were asked to report on how they manage food in their daily lives through a survey. Based on their...

Finland's national legislation previously aligned with the STCW-F standards for fishing vessel operations, despite not having ratified the convention. However, following recent amendments to the STCW-F, no assessment has been conducted to ensure continued compliance, leaving it uncertain whether...

Finland has a long-standing tradition of excellence in research and innovation (R&I), supported by high level of public investment and strong societal trust in science. Finnish authorities have set an ambitious goal of increasing R&D intensity to 4% by 2030 and are significantly increasing...

This study examines the relationship between immigration and firmlevel innovation in the Finnish manufacturing sector. The analysis leverages unique matched data, including employees' immigration status, firm-level patenting, process and product innovation activities, and innovation inputs...