In order to achieve the commonly agreed emission reduction target, the European Commission called upon the member states to submit National Energy and Climate Plans to ensure increased transparency for the respective national targets and strategies. An analysis of these plans shows that some...

This comprehensive Handbook examines the links between energy, the economy, and the environment. Esteemed international experts explore the ways in which energy contributes to economic growth, particularly in the context of geopolitical and climate uncertainties. Highlighting the importance of...

The effects of extreme weather events, such as heat waves and droughts are taken into account in both global and European policies. Accordingly, the protection of critical infrastructures and in particular, the resilience of the energy sector was the subject of intense research. There are...

The effects of extreme weather events, such as heat waves and droughts are taken into account in both global and European policies. Accordingly, the protection of critical infrastructures and in particular, the resilience of the energy sector was the subject of intense research. There are...

En este trabajo se propone un enfoque sobre las causas del deterioro ambiental que integra el análisis en distintos niveles de organización económica, con especial atención en el nivel de las políticas macroeconómicas y sectoriales. En la segunda sección, aplicando este enfoque en una...

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated theoretical framework for energy security concept and to shed light on the policies and strategies applied by the European Union countries to confront the challenges that faces them. Design/methodology/approach - The research paper...

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated theoretical framework for energy security concept and to shed light on the policies and strategies applied by the European Union countries to confront the challenges that faces them. Design/methodology/approach - The research paper...

Purpose - This paper aims to explore the international response to the discovery and development of gas fields in the East Mediterranean basin. Design/methodology/approach - The study applies key concepts into a framework and explores the strategies used by nations for developing their influence...

Purpose - This paper aims to explore the international response to the discovery and development of gas fields in the East Mediterranean basin. Design/methodology/approach - The study applies key concepts into a framework and explores the strategies used by nations for developing their influence...

V monografii rassmatrivajutsja aktualʹnye problemy osvoenija ėnergetičeskich resursov Arktiki i meždunarodnogo ėnergetičeskogo sotrudničestva v Arktičeskom regione. Arktičeskij šelʹf Rossijskoj Federacii javljaetsja važnejšim rezervom uglevodorodov. V nastojaščee vremja ne tolʹko...

Regions, rich in energy resources, continue to be of crucial interest for our carbon-powered world. There are numerous things at stake to begin with, from international legal status, ownership rights, energy routes, transit corridors, state and corporate interests, environmental hazards and the...

It has been observed that employing the natural processes occurring in the Earth’s ecosystem for mitigating the greenhouse gases emission is sustainable. One of the main sources of methane emission is agriculture (rice cultivation and livestock raising). Limiting the cultivation of rice would...

Regions, rich in energy resources, continue to be of crucial interest for our carbon-powered world. There are numerous things at stake to begin with, from international legal status, ownership rights, energy routes, transit corridors, state and corporate interests, environmental hazards and the...

This 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights that Algeria’s economic performance in 2013 has been satisfactory. Inflation, which reached 8.9 percent last year, has decelerated significantly in 2013 thanks to fiscal consolidation and prudent monetary policy. Real GDP growth is expected to...

This Selected Issues paper explores the monetary policy transmission channels in Algeria and analyzes available options to strengthen monetary policy effectiveness. High liquidity has been the hallmark of the Algerian monetary policy framework for most of the 2000s. The paper assesses the impact...

This Selected Issues paper discusses the need to meet Algeria’s fiscal challenges. Although Algeria enjoys substantial fiscal savings, fiscal policy is currently on an unsustainable path. Under current projections, Algeria will deplete its financial savings in the long term, leaving...

This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that Qatar’s macroeconomic performance has remained strong. GDP growth slowed from 13 percent in 2011 to 6.2 percent in 2012, mostly owing to the self-imposed moratorium on additional hydrocarbon production from the North Field. Growth was 6.5...

This Selected Issues paper analyzes the impact of Mexico’s energy reform on hydrocarbons production. These reforms aim to increase oil and gas production by eliminating the state oil company’s (PEMEX) monopoly on exploration and production of hydrocarbons, while retaining the prime...

The geographical distribution of African natural gas resources is going through a period of profound change as new gas discoveries in East Africa emerge to reshape the continent's energy landscape. This region is rapidly establishing itself as a world-class natural gas province and two countries...

The shelf of Black sea is rich to the lid posits of oil. The estimation of the reserves of the hydrocarbons only of western part of the Ukrainian shelf composes of 3,5 trln. tons of standard fuel, the oil-bearing sections of the Russian and Turkey shelf can contain to 1 billion tons of oil each....

There are some long-term trends in the global energy market: changing geography of hydrocarbons production, displacement of the centers of oil and gas in remote and offshore areas, steady decline in hydrocarbon production in the continental deposits, maintaining a stable level due to increased...

Libya is highly dependent on exhaustible and volatile hydrocarbon resources, which constitute the bulk of government revenues. Although resource wealth provides the means to promote socio-economic development, procyclical fiscal policies threaten macroeconomic stability as well as fiscal...

There are some long-term trends in the global energy market: changing geography of hydrocarbons production, displacement of the centers of oil and gas in remote and offshore areas, steady decline in hydrocarbon production in the continental deposits, maintaining a stable level due to increased...

The shelf of Black sea is rich to the lid posits of oil. The estimation of the reserves of the hydrocarbons only of western part of the Ukrainian shelf composes of 3,5 trln. tons of standard fuel, the oil-bearing sections of the Russian and Turkey shelf can contain to 1 billion tons of oil each....

The geographical distribution of African natural gas resources is going through a period of profound change as new gas discoveries in East Africa emerge to reshape the continent's energy landscape. This region is rapidly establishing itself as a world-class natural gas province and two countries...

Qatar has recently taken steps toward introducing a medium-term budget framework (MTBF) to enhance the predictability of spending decisions in the country. However, implementing medium-term fiscal planning requires formal procedural fiscal rules and parallel efforts to enhance the credibility of...

The political and security environment remains uncertain in Libya. Libya faces the challenges of stabilizing the economy and responding to the aspirations of the revolution. The near-term outlook is favorable, but there are significant risks. The overarching policy objective should be to foster...

This paper examines the Islamic Republic of Mauritania’s adoption of its third Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) action plan, covering the medium term (2011–2015). Poverty reduction as the ultimate objective of all of the country’s economic social and institutional...

The economic condition of Algeria in 2012 is stable. Rising inflation, continued heavy reliance on the hydrocarbon sector and public spending, and vulnerability to a prolonged decline in the oil price, as well as high unemployment pose significant challenges. Explicitly considering an annual cap...

In this paper, the statistical appendix lists details regarding the supply and use of resources at current prices, sectoral breakdown of GDP at current prices, sectoral breakdown of real GDP growth, production export and consumption of oil products, production export and consumption of gas...

There are some long-term trends in the global energy market: changing geography of hydrocarbons production, displacement of the centers of oil and gas in remote and offshore areas, steady decline in hydrocarbon production in the continental deposits, maintaining a stable level due to increased...

The paper considers the process of discovery for subsoil resources, including both hard minerals and hydrocarbons and estimates its magnitude in recent years, as derived from the sum of extraction and changes in proven reserves. Spurred on by technology change and strong market conditions,...