Two phenomena are increasingly reshaping the world economy. One is the growing and well-documented importance of climate transition policies that differ across countries. The other is the stark rise of geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF) concerns. While differences in climate transition policies are...

The world is falling behind on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a situation exacerbated by recent geopolitical disruptions and challenges to international cooperation. This policy brief, based on a virtual roundtable in the context of the Hamburg Sustainability Conference (HSC) with...

The international environment is characterised by a dynamic nature, a steady trend towards quantitative growth and qualitative development, which necessitates a more cautious and balanced approach to the choice of foreign economic policy, given the complexity of the structure of the world...

This Discussion Paper makes the case for universality in United Nations (UN) development work. So far, the UN development pillar has largely remained wedded to a 20th-century approach to development cooperation that centres on two groups of states and a one-way relationship between them: rich...

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was born out of the need felt by newly emerging post-colonial nations not to be compelled to be part of any single political or military bloc during the Cold War. As the international community finds itself once again in the midst of heightened geo-political...

Green hydrogen – produced with renewable energy – is indispensable for the decarbonisation of economies, especially concerning “hard-to-abate” activities such as the production of steel, cement and fertilisers as well as maritime transport and aviation. The demand for green hydrogen is...

This paper explores the policies of the United Nations and specialized institutions concerning the coordination of international community efforts to combat terrorist threats. Terrorism remains a significant threat to international security, despite the war in Ukraine taking priority in terms of...

The World Health Organization (WHO) should act as the directing and coordinating authority in global health but it has been steadily marginalized over time by design, through criticism as an inefficient organization, the reduction of assessed contributions and consequent impoverishment, and the...

Two phenomena are increasingly reshaping the world economy. One is the growing and well-documented importance of climate transition policies that differ across countries. The other is the stark rise of geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF) concerns. While differences in climate transition policies are...

The intensifying global race in Artificial Intelligence (AI) forces nations to walk a tightrope, balancing the drive for rapid innovation against the imperatives of fairness, safety and inclusivity. This tension is reflected in recent high-level international summits and the diverging regulatory...

This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) presents the planned engagement of the World Bank Group (WBG) in Azerbaijan over the next five years (FY25-29). The CPF is guided by the government's strategy for socio-economic development for 2022-26 (SEDS) and the WBG's most recent strategic analysis -...

Armenia, a landlocked country in the South Caucasus with a population of three million, has registered important achievements over the past two decades. Between 2000-2023, Armenia achieved robust economic growth averaging 6.3 percent, above the average for Europe and Central Asia (excluding...

This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets out the World Bank Group's (WBG) priorities in helping Haiti restore governance, sustain essential public services, and resume growth. The CPF covers the period from fiscal year (FY) 2025 to 2029 and responds to priorities that the government...

How do shifts in the global balance of power shape the world economy? We propose a theory of alignment-based “hegemonic globalization,” built on two central premises: countries differ in their preferences over policies (such as the rule of law or regulatory frameworks) and trade between any...

How did Nordic countries manage the tensions and ethical dilemmas of national health security and international solidarity during the Covid-19 vaccine response? This DIIS working paper examines Norway's Covid-19 vaccine procurement and distribution strategy within the framework of the SCANVAX...

How did Nordic countries manage the tensions and ethical dilemmas of national health security and international solidarity during the Covid-19 vaccine response? This DIIS working paper examines Denmark's Covid-19 vaccine procurement and distribution strategy within the framework of the SCANVAX...

Over the past decade, Croatia has demonstrated significant progress in economic development and improvement in living standards for its citizens. Economic performance during this period, including the country's strong recovery following its pandemic-induced recession, was underpinned by sound...

This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) outlines the strategic approach to the WBG's proposed engagement in Nepal for FY25-31. The design and priorities of this CPF are informed by a comprehensive analytical and evaluation program, 4 a broad-based consultative process, and, critically, the...

The intensifying global race in Artificial Intelligence (AI) forces nations to walk a tightrope, balancing the drive for rapid innovation against the imperatives of fairness, safety and inclusivity. This tension is reflected in recent high-level international summits and the diverging regulatory...

As Europe's closest neighbour and strategic partner, Africa shares strong ties and mutual interests with the European Union. Their partnership is evolving into a forward-looking alliance addressing critical global challenges such as climate change and clean energy transition in support of...

In the 50th year of its existence, the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is more than ever looking for a new role. The war in Ukraine and other conflicts in the OSCE area show how important the work of civil society organi­sations is in times of war and crisis -...

This publication looks at how EU countries investigate abuse and ill-treatment at their borders. While more incidents are now raised with judicial authorities, convictions remain rare. Covering incidents up to the end of 2024 - including serious cases and shipwrecks - it also highlights the role...

This publication looks at how EU countries investigate abuse and ill-treatment at their borders. While more incidents are now raised with judicial authorities, convictions remain rare. Covering incidents up to the end of 2024 - including serious cases and shipwrecks - it also highlights the role...

How do shifts in the global balance of power shape the world economy? We propose a theory of alignment-based “hegemonic globalization”, built on two central premises: countries differ in their preferences over policies (such as the rule of law or regulatory frameworks) and trade between any...

This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets out how the World Bank Group (WBG) can support the Royal Government of Bhutan's (RGoB) 13th Five Year Plan (FYP 2025-29). The CPF, which covers the period FY25-FY29, focuses on the overarching goal of accelerating economic growth and job creation...

This report presents outcomes from a high-level off-record multistakeholder policy discussion convened by Arigatou International and Globethics in Geneva on 5 March 2025. Representatives from civil society organisations (CSOs), UN agencies, diplomats, and humanitarian experts addressed the...

In the context of the upcoming new Pact for the Mediterranean expected for Autumn 2025, this study explores the role of Local and Regional Authorities (LRAs) in Euro-Mediterranean cooperation, drawing on a targeted survey conducted in April 2025, analysis of best practices and desk research. It...

In 2024, Frontex actively engaged in structured dialogue and collaborative initiatives with key countries of origin and transit along key migratory routes to the EU, fostering trust and investing into capacities needed for future operational cooperation. The Agency's cooperation activities...

This study explores the role of Local and Regional Authorities (LRAs) in Euro-Mediterranean cooperation, drawing on a targeted survey conducted in April 2025. It highlights key challenges and opportunities; showcases local success stories; and offers forward-looking insights, including...

In 2024, Frontex actively engaged in structured dialogue and collaborative initiatives with key countries of origin and transit along key migratory routes to the EU, fostering trust and investing into capacities needed for future operational cooperation. The Agency's cooperation activities...