The European Commission is considering a radical overhaul of the system governing Standard Essential Patents (SEPs). A leaked proposal suggests that the Commission wants to take control over the registration of SEPs, take efforts to regulate their essentiality, and intervene in negotiations over...

THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (hereinafter referred as the “PCT”) is a multilateral treaty administered by World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It facilitates the filing of patent application worldwide. The treaty was concluded in Washington on June 19, 1970 and was attended by...

Under the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights, the World Trade Organization members are required to enforce product patents for pharmaceuticals. In this paper, we empirically investigate the welfare effects of this requirement on developing countries using data for the...

Introduction -- Framing the boundaries of the glocal space in the international intellectual property system -- The glocal space in International Copyright Law -- The glocal space In International Patent Law -- The glocal space in International Trademark Law -- The glocal space in International...

Chapter 1. Understanding and Benefiting from Intellectual Property in International Business: A Beginning -- Part I: Intellectual Property Fundamentals -- Chapter 2. Intellectual Property Theories -- Chapter 3. Intellectual Property Systems -- Part II: Intellectual Property Environments --...

This paper analyzes firms’ choices regarding the geographic scope of patent protection within the European patent system. We develop an econometric model at the patent level to quantify the impact of office fees and translation costs on firms’ decision to validate a patent in a particular...

Written for a special issue on intellectual property and culture, this essay examines the longstanding claim that culture presents a major barrier to intellectual property reforms. In the context of Asia -- China, in particular -- that claim invokes Confucianism, a non-Western culture, to...

We analyze how a reduction of the tax rate on corporate income from intellectual property (IP) in one country, known as a patent box regime, affects corporate R&D activity in other countries. Combining data on patents and multinational corporation networks, we show that the cross-border effect...

This paper analyzes externalities of patent box regimes in Europe. Tax reductions in foreign affiliates of a firm that also provide a profit shifting opportunity reduce the user cost of capital and thereby increase domestic investment. We test this mechanism for the case of research activity. By...

Gilbert and Katz (2006) (GK) show that allowing (pure) patent bundling increases the incentives for patent owners to enter into “long-term” patent licensing that commits them not to expropriate licensees’ sunk costs in complementary assets with opportunistic licensing terms. We interpret...

This paper considers the main forms of global movie piracy and discusses some of the typical players and distribution channels for pirated films. In response to these forms of piracy, the industry's efforts to lobby for tougher criminal sanctions and greater protections for DRM in the U.S. and...

This paper analyzes firms' choices regarding the geographic scope of patent protection within the European patent system. We develop an econometric model at the patent level to quantify the impact of office fees and translation costs on firms' decision to validate a patent in a particular...

Until recently, the link between the examination of patents carried out by national patent offices and the right of citizens to access to medicines was not at all clear. They were two functions or responsibilities of the State that apparently had nothing to do with each other. Examining the...

Under the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights, the World Trade Organization members are required to enforce product patents for pharmaceuticals. In this paper we empirically investigate the welfare effects of this requirement on developing countries using data for the...

Technology development and transfer has been identified as a key element in the Bali Action Plan. In the negotiations on a global climate treaty the developing nations have put forth ideas and plans to ensure that intellectual property rights (IPRs) do not become a barrier to transfer of climate...

Compulsory licensing allows firms in developing countries to produce foreign-owned inventions without the consent of foreign patent owners. This paper uses an exogenous event of compulsory licensing after World War I under the Trading with the Enemy Act to examine the long run effects of...

With the America Invents Act of 2011, the U.S. changed its patent-issuing rule from first-to-invent to first-to-file, the international norm. We investigate the effect of such a policy change in a two-country model of R&D competition for two sequential (basic and final) inventions. We find that...

Following implementation of the TRIPS Agreement it has become more widely recognized that, while patents can stimulate the inventive process by avoiding the free-rider problem, by promoting investment in research and development (R&D) and by encouraging diffusion of knowledge, patents can also...

With the America Invents Act of 2011, the U.S. changed its patent-issuing rule from first-to-invent to first-to-file, the international norm. We investigate the effect of such a policy change in a two-country model of R&D competition for two sequential (basic and final) inventions. We find that...

This article advocates the use of an open source model as an alternative intellectual property rights regime for seeds and plant varieties. The BioLinux model suggested in this article is based on open source principles. The article traces the evolution of intellectual property rights and...

"Economic growth has traditionally been attributed to the increase in national production arising from technological innovation. Nevertheless, the relationship between patents and economic growth remains uncertain. This relationship, which forms the focus of this book, is examined by means of a...

International agreements do not generally address issues of secondary liability for infringement of intellectual property law rights, and there is little international consensus on this topic, even among the major industrialized nations. National laws tend to vary considerably regarding the...

This paper analyzes the setting of national patent policies in the global economy. In the standard model with free trade and social-welfare-maximizing governments à la Grossman and Lai (2004), cross-border positive policy externalities induce individual countries to select patent strengths that...

This paper analyzes the setting of national patent policies in the global economy. In the standard model with free trade and social-welfare-maximizing governments à la Grossman and Lai (2004), cross-border positive policy externalities induce individual countries to select patent strengths that...

This paper analyses the role of patent-filing fees requested by the member states of the European Patent Convention (EPC). We provide first empirical evidence showing that the fee elasticity of the demand for priority applications is negative and significant. Given the strong variation in...

Competition and Intellectual Property Law in the Pharmaceutical Sector' deals with the apparent contradiction between intellectual property (IP) rights (particularly patents) and competition law, with a focus on the pharmaceutical sector: in its aim to promote innovation and long-term...