Most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are implementing fast payment systems (FPS), often with the goal of enhancing access to and use of affordable financial services. FPS offer immediate transfer of funds on a 24x7 basis between end users. This paper assesses how FPS can promote...

Interoperability is the characteristic of a payment service (e.g. digital wallets) to allow its users to pay any person or company, regardless of the financial institution providing services to the payer or payee. On October 7, 2022, the Central Reserve Bank of Peru (BCRP) issued the Payment...

Interoperability describes the ability of systems to share services and resources with other systems. It is used in many fields - in the law, in communications and payments systems, in healthcare systems and in military alliances, to name a few - and describes a large number of characteristics...

This article puts forth the concept of protocol power as the disproportionate influence of dominant platform actors to shape and set industry-wide standards, and thus determine certain rules of inclusion at the technical, existential level of protocol. In this way, protocol power shapes and...

The phenomenon where a network's value escalates with each additional user, known as a direct network effect, exists across industries that may differ in terms of interoperability or compatibility. For instance, while email and telephone services benefit from seamless cross-network...

This paper explores the core principles that should guide the construction and governance of identity in the metaverse and identifies the critical challenges that need to be addressed. Drawing on multidisciplinary theories and perspectives, we propose two core principles for metaverse identity:...

Retail central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and fast payment systems (FPS) share a number of similarities. Both allow for instant transactions for end users, can rely on underlying infrastructures operated by the central bank and can allow for an important role for private payment service...

This volume provides insights and lessons learned from a range of fast payment systems (FPS). Over 100 jurisdictions worldwide, including 15 jurisdictions in Latin America, have implemented FPS, which are a promising tool to improve people's payment experience, access to financial services and...

This new edition of the study builds upon the Interoperable Europe Act, which entered into force in April 2024 to strengthen cross-border interoperability and cooperation in the public sector across the EU. The Act has introduced a new structure of cooperation between EU Member States and EU...

This new edition of the study builds upon the Interoperable Europe Act, which entered into force in April 2024 to strengthen cross-border interoperability and cooperation in the public sector across the EU. The Act has introduced a new structure of cooperation between EU Member States and EU...

The concept of smart grid (SG) was made real to give the power grid the functions and features it needs to make a smooth transition towards renewable energy integration and sustainability. This was done by automating and digitizing the grid to give it the right amount of flexibility and...

The phenomenon where a network's value escalates with each additional user, known as a direct network effect, exists across industries that may differ in terms of interoperability or compatibility. For instance, while email and telephone services benefit from seamless cross-network...

This report is one of the visible results of the activities of the European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) in monitoring safety levels and performance. It is also part of the Agency's effort to provide its stakeholders with a comprehensive overview of the development of railway safety and...

Interoperability is the characteristic of a payment service (e.g. digital wallets) to allow its users to pay any person or company, regardless of the financial institution providing services to the payer or payee. On October 7, 2022, the Central Reserve Bank of Peru (BCRP) issued the Payment...

Interoperability describes the ability of systems to share services and resources with other systems. It is used in many fields - in the law, in communications and payments systems, in healthcare systems and in military alliances, to name a few - and describes a large number of characteristics...

This article puts forth the concept of protocol power as the disproportionate influence of dominant platform actors to shape and set industry-wide standards, and thus determine certain rules of inclusion at the technical, existential level of protocol. In this way, protocol power shapes and...

Purpose This paper explores Lean Six Sigma principles and the DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve, control) methodology to propose a new Lean Six Sigma 4.0 (LSS 4.0) framework for employee occupational exams and address the real-world issue of high-variability exams that may arise....

Der Digital Markets Act zielt darauf ab, den unilateralen Markteinfluss der Betreiber (sogenannte Gatekeeper) zentraler Plattformdienste, wie z. B. App-Stores, zu regulieren. In vielen Fällen zwingen Gatekeeper ihren Geschäftskunden (den Dienstanbietern) die Integration eigener...

While digitalization is expected to bring benefits in the area of land use planning, it is also redefining planning practices and entire planning cultures. Limited research exists on this digital transformation, and this article aims to narrow this gap through an empirical case study. In...

Platform interoperability is considered a powerful tool to promote competition in digital markets when network effects are at play. We study the effect of interoperability on competition between two ad-financed platforms, allowing for endogenous multi-homing of consumers. When the platforms are...

Several public services in Malta operate under the stewardship of different governmental bodies, ministries, or departments. This results in considerable effort in the delivery of public services, especially ones that require the use of multiple registries, such as integrated public services...

The demand for sharing spatial information residing in the IACS systems of the Member States has increased in many policy domains. An indispensable condition of data sharing is the discoverability of data. This guideline explains the technical background of data discovery within the INSPIRE...

Background: By examining the recent advancements in technology, particularly the transformation of material into digital flows and its impact on customer demands, the aim of this paper is to investigate supply chain management (SCM) by analyzing seven key constructs: uncertainty, perspective,...

The failure of major banks in 2023, such as Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), Signature Bank, First Republic Bank, and Credit Suisse, points to the continuing need for financial institutions to price liquidity risk properly and for financial systems to find alternative sources of liquidity in times of...

Several public services in Malta operate under the stewardship of different governmental bodies, ministries, or departments. This results in considerable effort in the delivery of public services, especially ones that require the use of multiple registries, such as integrated public services...

Platform interoperability is considered a powerful tool to promote competition in digital markets when network effects are at play. We study the effect of interoperability on competition between two ad-financed platforms, allowing for endogenous multi-homing of consumers. When the platforms are...

While digitalization is expected to bring benefits in the area of land use planning, it is also redefining planning practices and entire planning cultures. Limited research exists on this digital transformation, and this article aims to narrow this gap through an empirical case study. In...

The nature and extent of openness depend on the context and/or disciplinary domain. Earlier usage of the term open was in the context of computer systems. For example, in networked systems of computers, "openness" refers to enabling protocols that connect previously closed systems so that they...

Die digitale Transformation im Gesundheitswesen ermöglicht durch die Entwicklung zahlreicher neuer Technologien und Standards eine zunehmend individualisierte, bedarfsgerechte und berufsgruppenübergreifende Versorgung von Patienten. Diese neue Generation von Digital Health Innovationen – die...