The justice system is an important part of how the government upholds the law and maintains public order, making it a significant area of responsibility. In England and Wales, the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) is responsible for funding and overseeing most functions of the justice system, including...

The new government has "placed a renewed focus on public sector productivity" and has set "productivity, efficiency and savings" targets for departments. In this report, we consider the productivity of the justice system, focusing in particular on the Crown Court of England and Wales, the court...

Agricultural commodity supply networks in the Global South are essential for securing the global supply of crops and livestock. However, they are challenged by power asymmetries, which cause injustice and jeopardize social equity, environmental stewardship, and economic viability for...

The experimental literature on preferences for redistribution has established that individual perceptions of what earning distributions are fair depend greatly on context. In this paper, we study an important and novel dimension of context: whether the choice to redistribute occurs before...

This study offers the first analysis of environmental and climate inequalities at the census tract level in Italy, providing valuable insights into spatial patterns of environmental and social vulnerability. The results highlight significant environmental inequality related to exposure to air...

This paper models fair workweek regulations that require employers to provide employees with (1) schedule predictability via advance notice of their work schedule and premium payments for short-notice changes, and (2) access to hours meaning they must offer open hours to existing employees...

The Commissioner-designate made a number of commitments in his written and oral responses. These are highlighted in this document, which has been produced to support Parliament's scrutiny of the Commission over the course of the 2024-2029 term, including through the Committees' annual structured...

The Commissioner-designate made a number of commitments in his written and oral responses. These are highlighted in this document, which has been produced to support Parliament's scrutiny of the Commission over the course of the 2024-2029 term, including through the Committees' annual structured...

As part of the Confirmation process, Commissioner-designate Glenn Micallef responded in writing to questions posed by Parliament and appeared before the CULT Committee on 4 November 2024 to answer further questions from MEPs belonging to the committee as well as from the Chairs of the EMPL,...

As part of the Confirmation process, Commissioner-designate Glenn Micallef responded in writing to questions posed by Parliament and appeared before the CULT Committee on 4 November 2024 to answer further questions from MEPs belonging to the committee as well as from the Chairs of the EMPL,...

Using a Eurobarometer data set on fairness perceptions of the green transition, this paper aims to understand what drives citizens' support for the green transition and motivate them to adopt more sustainable behaviours. While there is widespread support for the green transition that leaves no...

Market forces beyond individual control are a central driver of income inequality, a phenomenon we refer to as market luck. In meritocratic societies, this raises the question of whether individuals perceive such inequalities as fair. To address this question, we conduct experiments in the US,...

As climate change intensifies, flood events are becoming more frequent and more destructive across Europe. In Germany, catastrophic floods in 2021 caused over EUR 40 billion in damages, prompting a large-scale government aid response. At the same time, only about 50 percent of residential...

The new government has "placed a renewed focus on public sector productivity" and has set "productivity, efficiency and savings" targets for departments. In this report, we consider the productivity of the justice system, focusing in particular on the Crown Court of England and Wales, the court...

This Brief introduces the Justice Pillars Towards Evidence-Based Reform (JUPITER) initiative, a standardized yet flexible, country-based assessment tool that evaluates the effectiveness of justice systems across countries. Developed by the World Bank's Global Program on Justice and the Rule of...

This Brief examines the complex relationship between statutory courts and customary law systems, highlighting the historical context that fostered legal pluralism in many countries. It argues that attempts to replace customary practices with uniform legal frameworks have largely failed,...