The Joint Employment Report (JER) by the European Commission and the Council monitors the employment situation in the Union and the implementation of the Employment Guidelines, in line with Article 148 of the TFEU. The report provides an annual overview of key employment and social developments...

The thematic part of this review focuses on underemployment among part-time workers in the EU. The analysis shows that about a fifth of part-time workers in the EU are underemployed, with considerable variation across countries, sectors of economic activity and population groups. This reflects a...

In the first quarter of 2025, the EU's real GDP grew by 0.6% quarter-on-quarter and 1.6% year-on-year, and inflation slowed down to 2.4% in April from 2.8% in January. For the rest of the year, GDP growth is projected to stabilise at 1.1%, while inflation is expected to decline to 2.1%. In the...

This paper introduces a novel multivariate composite estimator for the Labour Force Survey (LFS). Unlike the univariate composite estimators used in some countries, the multivariate estimator takes into account the different probabilities of transitioning between labour market categories, such...

Some observers of the data economy have proposed that we treat data as labor. But are data contributions labor? Our folk conception of work emphasizes its importance and effort, such that work has a special interpersonal priority and deserves appreciation and compensation. The folk conception...

This annual report presents updated insights into the labour mobility developments in EU and EFTA countries using data for 2022 and 2023. The analysis encompasses the mobility of all working-age EU citizens (aged 20-64). Chapter 1 delves into the movement and characteristics of the mobile...

The Joint Employment Report (JER) by the European Commission and the Council monitors the employment situation in the Union and the implementation of the Employment Guidelines, in line with Article 148 of the TFEU. The report provides an annual overview of key employment and social developments...

The BIBB/BAuA Employment Surveys 2006, 2012 and 2018 are large cross-sections of the working population on qualification and working conditions in Germany and many publications are based on them. The data covers a wide range of topics, including information on occupations, education, job tasks,...

This statistical report aims to provide policy-relevant analytical support for the monitoring of the employment situation of persons with disabilities in the EU. It presents statistics on the employment rates with a focus on trends over time and characteristics of people in employment comparing...

Addressing labour shortages and bolstering the sustainability of labour supply in the EU require increased labour force participation alongside combating unemployment and underemployment. This report analyses the 51 million EU residents (aged 20-64) outside the workforce. It identifies women,...

How reliable is historical microdata? Understanding historical labor force participation is crucial for assessing long-term trends in economic development and intergenerational mobility. Most existing historical studies are, however, limited to men, and little is known about how reliable...

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered renewed interest in the use of different fiscal spending and transfer programmes to address the worsening conditions and deepening inequalities within the labour markets. This paper reviews the role of specific fiscal spending and transfer programmes in shaping...

Informality is a dynamic and multidimensional concern that demands gender-sensitive data. In 2018, globally, more than 60% of employment was informal. However, global averages hide that in more countries the share of women in informal employment exceeds that of men. Also, women in the informal...

This report provides a mapping of existing research that employs online labour market data, covering both online job vacancies (demand side) and online applicant data (CVs) (supply side). We discuss and assess a variety of tools and empirical methods that have been used to address specific...

The Labour Market and Wage Developments in Europe report provides an in-depth analysis of recent labour market and wage developments in the EU, the euro area and Member States, primarily from a macroeconomic perspective. This year's edition examines the recent performance of the EU labour market...

Over the past few years, the EU labour market has shown remarkable resilience, despite a challenging economic context. From 2019 to 2023, employment among those aged 15 to 64 in the EU expanded by 5.8 million people. This increase was notably boosted by workers coming from non-EU countries. So...

This edition of the Employment and Social Developments in Europe (ESDE) review examines patterns and developments of social convergence in the EU over the last decade, showing important catching-up trends among Member States. It discusses the role of social investment in supporting social and...

This report describes the main characteristics of the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) conducted in 2021 in the Member States of the European Union (EU), two EFTA countries (Norway and Switzerland) and two candidate countries (Serbia and Turkey). All these countries provide Eurostat...

This annual report presents the latest findings on intra-EU labour mobility, offering updated insights into the trends observed in EU and EFTA countries using data from 2021 and 2022. The analysis encompasses the mobility of all working-age EU citizens (aged 20-64). In Chapter 2, the report...

The Joint Employment Report (JER) by the European Commission and the Council monitors the employment situation in the Union and the implementation of the Employment Guidelines, in line with Article 148 of the TFEU. The report provides an annual overview of key employment and social developments...

This edition of the Employment and Social Developments in Europe (ESDE) review examines patterns and developments of social convergence in the EU over the last decade, showing important catching-up trends among Member States. It discusses the role of social investment in supporting social and...

This edition of the Employment and Social Developments in Europe (ESDE) review examines patterns and developments of social convergence in the EU over the last decade, showing important catching-up trends among Member States. It discusses the role of social investment in supporting social and...

Over the past few years, the EU labour market has shown remarkable resilience, despite a challenging economic context. From 2019 to 2023, employment among those aged 15 to 64 in the EU expanded by 5.8 million people. This increase was notably boosted by workers coming from non-EU countries. So...

The Labour Market and Wage Developments in Europe report provides an in-depth analysis of recent labour market and wage developments in the EU, the euro area and Member States, primarily from a macroeconomic perspective. This year's edition examines the recent performance of the EU labour market...

Over the past few years, the EU labour market has shown remarkable resilience, despite a challenging economic context. From 2019 to 2023, employment among those aged 15 to 64 in the EU expanded by 5.8 million people. This increase was notably boosted by workers coming from non-EU countries. So...

The Labour Market and Wage Developments in Europe report provides an in-depth analysis of recent labour market and wage developments in the EU, the euro area and Member States, primarily from a macroeconomic perspective. This year's edition examines the recent performance of the EU labour market...

Using data from Thailand's Labour Force Survey from 2012 to 2021, the differences over time were investigated for the likelihood of youths moving between employment states, such as unemployment, employment and out of the labour force. Additional transitions were calculated for groups moving...

The IABSE-ADIAB dataset provides the linkage between the most recent case of a hire from the IAB Job Vacancy Survey and the administrative data of the hired person. The data comprise the entire working history of persons who were identified as IAB Job Vacancy Survey hires from 2010 to 2020. The...