Postwar land reforms in East Asia were implemented as a geopolitical strategy to curb communism expansion. This paper evaluates their long-term political effects in Japan and Taiwan. In Japan, reform increased support for conservative parties and reduced backing for socialist and communist...

This article examines the importance of landholdings in explaining income inequality among family farms in four districts in Georgia following the land reform of the 1990s. Income inequality is decomposed by sources of income and by determinants of income. The results indicate that farm income...

How deep are the roots of Latin America's economic inequalities? In this chapter we survey both the history and the literature about the region's extreme economic disparities, focusing on the most recent academic contributions. We begin by documenting the broad patterns of national and...

Based on rich cadastral data we examine the effects of three decades of land privatization on pasture productivity in southern Kazakhstan. We assemble a balanced panel of 16 thousand plots representing cadastral parcels on pastures over 24 years along with their date of ‘allocation’ (formal...

This paper uses a rich set of geo-coded administrative and remotely sensed data on more than 1 million agricultural land transactions in Ukraine to explore how informality, size, and recent land reforms affect land prices. Three main findings are highlighted. First, absence of registered rights...

Land rental markets had played a critical role in providing farms access to Ukraine’s agricultural land before the ban on land sales was lifted in 2021. This paper examines whether rental-based land relations can promote land use by more productive farms in the context of imperfect...

This study seeks to analyze the impact of land reform on the export performance of tobacco, since the cash crop is a major foreign currency earner for Zimbabwe. A gravity model was adopted for the study using secondary panel data from 1992 to 2018. The findings show that 17.2% of the explanatory...

This study seeks to analyze the impact of land reform on the export performance of tobacco, since the cash crop is a major foreign currency earner for Zimbabwe. A gravity model was adopted for the study using secondary panel data from 1992 to 2018. The findings show that 17.2% of the explanatory...

Land institutions and policies will be critical to help African countries respond to the challengesof climate change, urban expansion, structural transformation, and gender equality.Together, they affect urban dwellers' ability to access productive jobs, live in decent housing, andbreathe clean...

This Guidance Note represents a call to action, dedicated to enhancing access to land and unlocking the full potential of land assets for urban and infrastructure development, as well as renewable energy investments. It not only underscores the importance of improving land access but also...

How do agricultural productivity gains affect the distribution of agricultural land? Exploiting three waves of census data from the Philippines covering 21 years and 17 million plots, this article finds that municipalities endowed with favorable soil and weather conditions for genetically...

Chapter 1 Lenin’s Theory of the “American Path” and Russian/Soviet Capitalist Agriculture -- Chapter 2 The “American Path” and the Global Hegemony of U.S. Capitalist Agriculture -- Chapter 3 The “Prussian” Path, Militarism, and Late Capitalist Agriculture -- Chapter 4 The...

We examine the impact of legislated land ceiling size on capital investment and industrialisation in the Indian states. India's land ceiling legislations of 1960s and 1970s imposed a ceiling on maximum land holdings and redistributed above-ceiling lands. These ceiling legislations, effectively...

Ukraine's economic performance has been anemic since the early 1990s. A major impediment to productivity growth has been low investment, held back by lack of strong and independent institutions. This paper aims to assess the major areas of institutional weakness in Ukraine and quantify the...

How deep are the roots of Latin America's economic inequalities? In this chapter we survey both the history and the literature about the region's extreme economic disparities, focusing on the most recent academic contributions. We begin by documenting the broad patterns of national and...

In this time of rapid climate change and gaping inequality, we face urgent questions about the ability of current property systems to sustain us into the future. But how does property-system change happen? Land reform is difficult to imagine, much less implement, within a physical landscape...

This chapter explores how East Asian states integrate customary claims to land into statutory land tenure systems. Studies show that state-centered land systems, which connect legal recognition of property rights to state territorial authority, often fragment and subordinate customary possessory...

Land is a key productive asset for rural households. Property rights play a critical role in determining who can own and access this fundamental resource. More than 70 percent of women across 53 developing countries do not own any land. Customary norms confer disproportionately weaker land...

Although land and associated property is a key part of national wealth and protecting rights to them is a key function of the state, Africa's formal land institutions often still operate on regulations that barely changed since colonial times, undermining public trust and leading to high levels...

Farmers awarded with lands under a collective CLOA (CCLOA) have been experiencing problems arising from the collective arrangement (e.g. boundary issues, disputes with other collective members). These issues discourage many farmers from making long-term investment decisions on their land,...