Humanity's problem with climate change has been likened to a "tragedy of the commons". If the atmosphere is seen as an open access dump for gasses like CO2 or methane, Garret Hardin's conclusion from 1968: "Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all" is obviously correct. But how do we create a...

This technical assistance report outlines the current state and future objectives for regulating crypto assets in the Republic of Kenya. The report, prepared at the request of Kenya's Capital Markets Authority, involved an analysis of crypto-asset activities and the related regulatory framework....

Auch die amtliche Statistik nutzt Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) und ihres Teilbereichs Maschinelles Lernen (ML). Dies wirft verschiedene ethische Fragestellungen auf, die im ersten Teil des Artikels ("Identifikation") mithilfe von Vorarbeiten aus anderen Staaten und von...

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hat mit ihrem Teilgebiet Maschinelles Lernen (ML) Einzug gehalten in die Verwaltung im Allgemeinen sowie in die amtliche Statistik in Deutschland im Speziellen. Welche ethischen Fragen sind jedoch beim Einsatz von KI/ML in der Produktion amtlicher Statistiken zu...

The employment share of legal services in the U.S. more than doubled during 1970–1990, in stark contrast to stability during 1850–1970 and after 1990. The relative wage of lawyers and law firm partners also doubled between 1970 and 1990. We argue that this demand shift was driven by...

Valorisation of agri-food waste is an essential aspect of creating sustainable circular food systems. The European Research Area Network Cofund Food Systems and Climate (FOSC) and the SUSFOOD2 ERA-Net Cofund supported eight projects focusing on the valorisation of waste generated during primary...

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hat mit ihrem Teilgebiet Maschinelles Lernen (ML) Einzug gehalten in die Verwaltung im Allgemeinen sowie in die amtliche Statistik in Deutschland im Speziellen. Welche ethischen Fragen sind jedoch beim Einsatz von KI/ML in der Produktion amtlicher Statistiken zu...

Auch die amtliche Statistik nutzt Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) und ihres Teilbereichs Maschinelles Lernen (ML). Dies wirft verschiedene ethische Fragestellungen auf, die im ersten Teil des Artikels ("Identifikation") mithilfe von Vorarbeiten aus anderen Staaten und von...

The employment share of legal services in the U.S. more than doubled during 1970–1990, in stark contrast to stability during 1850–1970 and after 1990. The relative wage of lawyers and law firm partners also doubled between 1970 and 1990. We argue that this demand shift was driven by...

In 2023, after a full 20 years, the Republic of Croatia adopted a new legal framework for maritime domain with the enactment of the new Maritime Domain and Seaports Act. The new act addresses numerous technical issues related to Croatia's maritime domain and aligns concessions on maritime domain...

Why have the real (consumption) wages of U.S. workers risen since the nineteenth century? Some economists answer that increases in real wages have followed increases in labor productivity over time. In this paper, this hypothesized association is confronted with annual observations of changes in...

In September 2020, the NCC initiated an investigation into the video service "Hualien Haokan" provided through a dedicated set-top box and held a public briefing to draft regulations classifying this service as a cable television service. Such new types of services often face unclear positioning...

As the geopolitical context changes, the development of a certain region is based on a reform of its regulatory approaches. The field of water relations is no exception, as their effective existence requires constant analysis and innovation, including legislation. Thus, in the context of acute...

Why have the real (consumption) wages of U.S. workers risen since the nineteenth century? Some economists answer that increases in real wages have followed increases in labor productivity over time. In this paper, this hypothesized association is confronted with annual observations of changes in...

An important strand of research in macro-finance investigates which factors impede enterprise investment, and quantifies their aggregate cost. In this paper, we make two contributions to this literature. The first contribution is methodological: we introduce a novel framework to calibrate...

The international trade regulatory system is a dynamic system that has been evolving throughout its history. Tension and conflict are part of the system. While calls for the abolition of the principal trade regulation authority, the WTO, have failed to understand this nature of the system,...

Densification and more efficient use of land are important planning challenges across Europe intended to aid the pursuit of sustainability goals. Property taxation influences land use. It can discourage or incentivize efficient land use. In the international academic debate, the land value tax...

The study aims to contribute to the debate on social welfare in Brazil through an analysis focused on the normative action of the State on the subject from October 1988 until September 2022. October 1988 marks the date when a new, democratic constitution was enacted, which defined social...

Supply Chain Management (SCM) fulfils an important role in the economy and public expenditure of a country and can be regarded as a critical factor for the efficiency of a government because it is a main component of public service delivery. Since the introduction of the SCM policy in South...

Humanity's problem with climate change has been likened to a 'tragedy of the commons'. If the atmosphere is seen as an open access dump for gasses like CO2 or methane, Garret Hardin's conclusion from 1968: 'Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all' is obviously correct. But how do we create a...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically review the context of adult protection in Ireland with a focus on older people. The paper traces advances and current limitations in policy, regulation, practice and legislation. Design/methodology/approach A review of historical and current...

An important strand of research in macro-finance investigates which factors impede enterprise investment, and what is their aggregate economic cost. In this paper, we make two contributions to this literature. The first contribution is methodological: we introduce a novel framework to calibrate...

Organisations these days are growing rapidly, and both operational activities and business networks tend to use business unit strategies to overcome operational complexity. This constantly growing environment can significantly impact multinational transfer pricing practices. The research aims to...

Norges Bank has been running a central bank digital currency project since 2016. The project is now in its fourth phase, and as part of this phase an overview will be provided of required legislative amendments linked to the introduction of CBDC. For an overview of Norges Bank's CBDC project,...

Am 21. April 2023 wurde das Gesetz zum Neustart der Digitalisierung der Energiewende (GNDEW), eingebracht von den Fraktionen Bündnis 90/ Die Grünen, der SPD sowie der FDP und federführend entwickelt vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK), vom Bundestag, verabschiedet....

Objective This paper considers the influence of female legislators on gun legislation across US states. Females have behavioral differences from males and likely different exposure to gun-related violence. Method Using data from 1991-2020, we econometrically estimate the drivers of gun...

Business regulation is the norms, standards, principles and rules, and their enforcement governs commerce. Firms need to be aware of the potential impacts of regulation on their business models, anticipate changes in the regulatory landscape, and adapt their business models accordingly. This...

An important strand of research in macro-finance investigates which factors impede enterprise investment, and what is their aggregate economic cost. In this paper, we make two contributions to this literature. The first contribution is methodological: we introduce a novel framework to calibrate...

Verdichtung und effizientere Nutzung des Bodens sind euro-paweit wichtige planerische Herausforderungen, um Nachhaltigkeitszielen gerecht zu werden. Die Grundsteuer beeinflusstdie Nutzung des Bodens. Sie kann die effiziente Flächennutzung fördern oder hemmen. In der internationalen...

Despite energy communities' (ECs) large potential to contribute to the energy transition, they are still the exception rather than the rule. Thus, the objective of this study is to elaborate on measures to facilitate the diffusion and integration of ECs in the energy landscape. This is done by...

Supply Chain Management (SCM) fulfils an important role in the economy and public expenditure of a country and can be regarded as a critical factor for the efficiency of a government because it is a main component of public service delivery. Since the introduction of the SCM policy in South...

Objective: This paper considers the influence of female legislators on gun legislation across US states. Females have behavioral differences from males and likely different exposure to gun-related violence. Method: Using data from 1991-2020, we econometrically estimate the drivers of gun...