Industrial Revolution 4.0, with its emphasis on smart manufacturing, has a profound impact on traditional employment. This study aims to examine changes in firms employment decisions in the context of Industry 4.0, shedding light on the conflict between liberalism's market mechanisms and...

Using a series of controlled laboratory experiments involving decisions to intervene in others’ choice opportunities; we find that groups grant more autonomy to others than individuals. This finding is robust across two decision contexts, one involving individual decision-making (Internality)...

Purpose - Using composite indices, the paper examines the nexus between militarization, globalization and liberal democracy. The democratic peace theory, the conflict inhibiting effects of international trade - a key and dominant facet of globalization - and the democracy promoting globalization...

For several decades, what has been called the "liberal cosmopolitan-minded urban elites" set the political agenda of Western democracies (Dold and Krieger 2019a). They aimed at personal freedom and upward social mobility by means of a meritocratic system that was safeguarded by a combination of...

Ethiopia has long been in a period of upheaval characterised by massive levels of violence. Relations between the largest ethnic groups are in flux, as is their relationship with the government. The state lacks legitimacy in the central regions of the country, its monopoly on the use of force is...

Javier Milei's disruptive political style does not appear to have changed since taking office as Argentina's president on 10 December 2023. He continues to behave, including on social media, as an aggressive, lone warrior leading a crusade. Milei's government policies are largely in line with...

This volume takes stock and understands better what liberal ideas and institutions actually mean in the 21st century and why they are currently so heavily contested. It introduces the concept of “liberal script” to analyze but also problematize liberal thinking as much as its different...

This chapter discusses the added value of using “script” as a heuristic and an analytical concept over alternatives and introduces four central themes that structure this volume. We ask first what the liberal script is and how we can approach it from different viewpoints. Second, we inquire...

This contribution submits a specific description of the contemporary liberal script based on a sociological reconstruction. A script consists of a complex set of prescriptive and descriptive statements and a specific grammar that points to the relationship between them. We start by identifying...

The Abrahamic doctrine of liberty of the will can allow liberalism in the economy. For a century or so in academic theology, and stretching back to the early church and such revivals as the Radical Reformation, numerous Christian writers have denied such a liberalism. In the past century, for...

I explore the fact that the Mongol Empire invaded most of Eurasia but left Western Europe untouched. I hypothesize that differences in exposure to the Mongols resulted in divergent institutional paths. Where the Mongols invaded, they set up highly centralized autocratic institutions. Meanwhile,...

In the early 1950s, the drive to find a practical solution to European antagonisms led to the construction of the first Common Market at the European scale, between Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. At the heart of the Coal and Steel Community, was the idea that...

Der klassische Liberalismus hat die Sicherung individueller Freiheit zum Ziel - im politischen Liberalismus durch die Gewährleistung der Menschwürde und der demokratischen Rechte, im Wirtschaftsliberalismus durch die Sicherung der Freiheit wirtschaftlicher Aktivitäten. Mit Bezug auf...

Preface. This interview was commissioned in October 2019 for a special issue on ‘Accumulation and Politics: Approaches and Concepts’ to be published by the Revue de la régulation. We submitted the text in March 2020, only to learn two months later that it won’t be published. The problem,...

In recent decades our societies have experienced the steady growth of the precariat, even though the contours of this group still remain somewhat vague. The essay aims at contributing to the specification of the precariat's definition, making use of the category of common needs. Indeed, this...

Der klassische Liberalismus hat die Sicherung individueller Freiheit zum Ziel - im politischen Liberalismus durch die Gewährleistung der Menschwürde und der demokratischen Rechte, im Wirtschaftsliberalismus durch die Sicherung der Freiheit wirtschaftlicher Aktivitäten. Mit Bezug auf...

In recent decades, the surge of populist movements and leaders has captivated the attention of scholars, policymakers, and the general public around the world. The rise of populism and populists has prompted a profound reevaluation of the dynamics within democratic societies and the complex...

In the early 1950s, the drive to find a practical solution to European antagonisms led to the construction of the first Common Market at the European scale, between Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. At the heart of the Coal and Steel Community, was the idea that...

The rise of independent institutions, such as central banks, has generated an ongoing debate on their democratic credentials and legitimacy. The normative appraisal depends on the conception of democracy adopted. While critics frequently espouse a majoritarian conception, this paper argues that...

Socialists have never been shy of sketching out their dreams of a better world, but that better world has never materialised in socialist countries. Indeed, socialism has frequently achieved the precise opposite of what was intended by its architects.The first part of Towards a Liberal Utopia?...

In recent decades our societies have experienced the steady growth of the precariat, even though the contours of this group still remain somewhat vague. The essay aims at contributing to the specification of the precariat’s definition, making use of the category of common needs. Indeed, this...

In recent decades, the surge of populist movements and leaders has captivated the attention of scholars, policymakers, and the general public around the world. The rise of populism and populists has prompted a profound reevaluation of the dynamics within democratic societies and the complex...

I explore the fact that the Mongol Empire invaded most of Eurasia but left Western Europe untouched. I hypothesize that differences in exposure to the Mongols resulted in divergent institutional paths. Where the Mongols invaded, they set up highly centralized autocratic institutions. Meanwhile,...

Right-wing critics of Keynes have often suggested that he was a socialist. His policy proposals were very often described as a slippery slope that would lead society into a totalitarian nightmare. Alternatively, from the left, Keynes was often seen as a reformist that intended to preserve the...

Many employees want to either retain their jobs or attain promotion. In doing so, they remain silent and conform to all the decisions taken by the top management. Most studies have treated the causes of this silence as unobserved intervening mechanisms and named them black boxes. The current...

We study paternalistic preferences in two large-scale experiments with participants from the general population in the United States. Spectators decide whether to intervene to prevent a stakeholder, who is mistaken about the choice set, from making a choice that is not aligned with the...

This chapters surveys the main ideas and tensions in the classical liberal treatment of defense, international relations, and war-making. This sets the stage for a discussion of the feasibility of interstate federalism by identifying key issues and challenges that such a system will need to...

Until quite recently, it has appeared that eleutheric-conjectural libertarianism (ECL) could not avoid some degree of, very broad, interpersonal utility comparisons (IUCs). And this has been objected to by some of its libertarian critics, notably economists and propertarians. Indeed, this aspect...