We evaluate license agreements as a form of technology transfer that constitutes a public-private partnership (PPP) with the primary goal of economic development. These license agreements permit entrepreneurs and other businesses to turn government innovations into earnings. We constructed a...

In July 1991, India began to dismantle its long-standing, highly restrictive import control regime and move toward a more open economy. How were policymakers able to dislodge and replace an entrenched system with powerful vested interests behind it? Standard explanations for policy change -...

Supplier encroachment in technology-intensive supply chains is an emerging and important research topic in communication technology. In order to assess the impact of patent licensing on supplier encroachment and firms' performance, we model a technology-intensive supply chain comprising a...

Introduction Intangible assets are cornerstones of today's economy. The last two decades have seen an 87% increase in the volume of investments in intellectual property products in contrast to a 30% increase in physical investments. 47% of the total economic activity (GDP) in the European Union...

Introduction Intangible assets are cornerstones of today's economy. The last two decades have seen an 87% increase in the volume of investments in intellectual property products in contrast to a 30% increase in physical investments. 47% of the total economic activity (GDP) in the European Union...

The challenges we face as societies are manifold - from climate change to energy shortages or unequal access to medicines. To address these on a global scale, novel approaches are needed to ensure the potential of intellectual assets and technologies is fully exploited. Impact licensing, as an...

We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires freedom to operate (FTO), which firms typically obtain through a license from the patentee holding the original innovation. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is...

Human-created works represent critical data inputs to artificial intelligence (AI). Strategic behaviour can play a major role for AI training datasets, be it in limiting access to existing works or in deciding which types of new works to create or whether to create new works at all. We examine...

The COVID-19 crisis intensified decade-long debates on the interaction between intellectual property rights (IPRs), competition law and access to affordable life-saving treatments and vaccines. Compulsory licensing of patented medicines is a tried-and-tested method to expand access, particularly...

Cambodia is expected to graduate from Least Developed Country status soon, at which time it will be required to make patents available for pharmaceutical products and processes to meet its obligations under the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Given its...

This paper analyzes private and social incentives to levy an ad valorem licensing fee in a supply chain governed by the legal principle of patent exhaustion. With perfect competition at the upstream and downstream stage, the choice of the licensing segment is irrelevant for the patent holder and...

The value of intangible properties for companies continues to increase. Intangible assets comprise, inter alia, patents, brand value, data, and software. Often, innova-tion activities resulted in in-house developed software-based internet platforms aimed at disrupting existing business models. A...

We investigate the effects of a higher education reform on the labor market outcomes of college graduates in Peru. The cornerstone of this piece of legislation was a licensing process whereby a newly created higher education superintendency evaluated every existing university on minimum quality...

In contemporary academia and industry, the commercialization of technology through licensing has emerged as a prevalent strategy. This paradigmatic shift has prompted numerous industrial firms to intensify their focus on technology commercialization as a mechanism to optimize the returns on...

Purpose -The purpose of this article is based on the unit patent license fee model in the closed-loop supply chain. Design/methodology/approach - This paper analyzes the impact of the bundling strategy of the retailer selling new products and remanufactured products on the closed-loop supply...

Much licensing of patented technology is royalty-bearing, allowing innovators to be compensated for their investments in researching, developing, and then in commercializing the resulting products.However, over the last couple of decades, standards-based technologies have expanded, in part, due...

This study discusses the implementation of the principles of the New Public Service (NPS) in the public service of the Bekasi City Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service, by taking a case study of making a building permit (IMB) for hotels and restaurants, which is motivated by the findings...

As one of the forms of patent licensing, open licensing is an important mechanism to promote the transformation of patented technological achievements and knowledge diffusion. However, since China has introduced this system in 2021, the detail mechanism is still disputed. This paper compares the...