This report highlights the commonalities and disagreements between the reporting by Member States (MS) to the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) on the standards for Biological Quality elements in coastal waters, and the methodological standards...

I propose an objective definition of money through a biological definition of cooperation, as opposed to altruism. I argue that these types of sociality are confused because they are not evaluated from a situated perspective of animal interactions. The theory of reciprocal altruism does not...

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Introduction -- 1 Strategic Design for Survivability -- 2 Efficiency and Resilience Strategies -- 3 Prominence Strategies -- 4 Natural Design Heuristics -- 5 Mixed Design Heuristics -- 6 ERP-Focused...

Many organisms are consuming food contaminated with nano- and microparticles of plastics present in the environment. Environmental plastic particles can absorb and enrich persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from the environment and act as carrier vectors by increasing bioavailability in living...

This paper investigates if the impact of children on the labor market outcomes of women relative to men — child penalties — can be explained by the biological links between mother and child. We estimate child penalties in biological and adoptive families using event studies around the...

This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the United States and substantially...

Neoclassical Economics and the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) along with all its types have been a go to for investors since decades but why do almost all speculators tend to lose money while making their financial decisions? Stock market is the most vulnerable place towards uncertainty and...

Society uses law to encourage people to behave differently than they would behave in the absence of law. This fundamental purpose makes law highly dependent on sound understandings of the multiple causes of human behavior. The better those understandings, the better law can achieve social goals...

This paper studies how recent investigations of foreign influence in research have affected the productivity of U.S. scientists in the field of life sciences. Using data from PubMed and Dimensions during 2010-2020, we compare scientists who collaborated with scientists in China during 2010-2014...

Dancing with Biopunks: Innovation in the Life Science Industry and Science Fiction -- Artificial Intelligence Is a Game Changer In Drug Discovery R&D -- Digitally enhanced Life Cycle Management for a blockbuster prescription drug -- Artificial Intelligence Applications for Producing Glycosylated...

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Authors -- 1. Overview of the Entrepreneur's Journey -- 2. Basics of Market Research -- 2.1. Basic Market Research Concepts -- 2.1.1. Primary and Secondary Market Research -- 2.1.2. Quantitative and...

As finding breakthrough small-molecule drugs gets harder, drug companies are increasingly turning to “large molecule” biologics. Although biologics represent many of the most promising new therapies for previously intractable diseases, they are extremely expensive. Moreover, the pathway for...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of teachers’ characteristics (qualification, years of teaching experience and attitude) and students’ academic performance of Biology in secondary schools in Calabar Municipality of Cross River State, Nigeria. A survey research...

The article presents the features of biology and ecology, the growth and development of various types of Cousinia in various environmental conditions of Uzbekistan. The distribution area covers mainly foothill and semi-desert and desert zones of Uzbekistan. Cousinia species are found in deserts,...

Since 1995 approximately 325 publications on stature have appeared in the social sciences, which is more than a four-fold increase in the rate of production relative to the period 1977-1994. The expansion occurred in several areas, but especially within economics, indicating that heights are now...

Methoden um die genetische Information von Organismen gezielt zu verändern sind im Begriff die Biologie und Medizin zu revolutionieren. Die neuste dieser Methoden, die sogenannte CRISPR-Technologie, vereint hohe Effizienz und Genauigkeit mit großer Einfachheit in der Anwendung. Diese Studie...

The problem with most intergenerational mobility estimates is that unmeasured and inherited abilities prevent us from drawing inferences. In this paper we estimate the intergenerational mobility of schooling and exploit differences between adopted and own birth children to obtain genetically...

Paul Argenti and Ryan Calsbeek of Dartmouth explain that corporations should focus not on their rankings, but on the attributes that influence those rankings. They combine evolutionary biology and corporate reputation research to determine what makes a company the best that it can be, arguing...

Part 1. Markets & Strategies -- Chapter 1. Development of the Life Sciences Industry Over the Past 30 Years -- Chapter 2. Venture Capital Perspectives on Life Science Innovation -- Chapter 3. Implications of Precision Medicine on Marketing & Sales Strategies -- Chapter 4. Intellectual Property...