Economic conditions have deteriorated further in the past six months, with recent devastating floods adding to ongoing challenges associated with armed conflict and macroeconomic volatility. In conjunction with heavy monsoon rains, Typhoon Yagi, which struck Myanmar in early September, triggered...

In recent years Myanmar has witnessed considerable economic and political instability, leading many young people, particularly the higher-skilled, to consider migrating abroad for improved prospects. We employ an innovative method to quantify migration intentions among high-skilled youth by...

We examine the relationship between violent conflict and the willingness of potential migrants to accept lower skilled work (occupational downgrading). We develop a theoretical model of migration decisions, which we test using an innovative survey module administered to high-skilled youth in...

We examine the relationship between violent conflict and the willingness of potential migrants to accept lower skilled work (occupational downgrading). We develop a theoretical model of migration decisions, which we test using an innovative survey module administered to high-skilled youth in...

In recent years Myanmar has witnessed considerable economic and political instability, leading many young people, particularly the higher-skilled, to consider migrating abroad for improved prospects. We employ an innovative method to quantify migration intentions among high-skilled youth by...

This paper investigates whether social media access is associated with increased probability or intensity of ethnic conflict in Myanmar. In this context most people use mobile phones, and particularly the Facebook app, to access the internet. To distinguish the effects of social media from those...

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state, trends, and disparities in education access in Myanmar, using data from Myanmar Living Conditions Survey 2017 (MLCS 2017), Myanmar Subnational Phone Survey (MSPS) 2023, and MSPS 2024. Despite the recent disruptions to the...

Economic conditions in Myanmar have deteriorated in the past six months, with the signs of recovery observed in the first half of 2023 proving to be fragile and short-lived. Conflict has escalated across much of Myanmar since October causing displacement, labor shortages, and increased logistics...

This budget brief presents a summary of developments in Myanmar's public finances. This report includes three sections that cover the aggregate fiscal update, public finance developments in states and regions, and core service ministries. The report relies on data from published reports of the...

Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha made landfall as a Category 4-equivalent cyclone in the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale on Sunday May 14, 2023, at 07:07 UTC (14:07 local time) around Sittwe city, the capital of Rakhine State, Myanmar. Given the fragile and conflict-affected situation...

This study examines whether the adoption of the 'Burmese Way to Socialism' philosophy by Myanmar's military regime affected employment opportunities in non-agriculture sectors and created jobs equitably for the Burmese majority and other ethnic minorities. The econometric analyses of two...

This paper investigates whether social media access is associated with increased probability or intensity of ethnic conflict in Myanmar. In this context most people use mobile phones, and particularly the Facebook app, to access the internet. To distinguish the effects of social media from those...

This report on the Availability and Pricing of Essential Medicines in Myanmar relies on multiple assessments (2021 - 2023) conducted jointly by the World Bank and World Health Organization as well as other publicly available information. This report provides an overview of findings from a...

This report provides an analysis of access to essential health services in Myanmar from 2021 to 2023, based on publicly available sources of information as well as multiple assessments conducted jointly by the World Bank and World Health Organization during this timeframe. Myanmar faces a...

Myanmar's economy continues to face significant challenges in 2024. Economic activity has been constrained by elevated conflict, increased macroeconomic volatility, and a challenging business environment. In addition to its ongoing impacts on household livelihoods and agricultural production,...

Myanmar subnational phone surveys (MSPS) are designed to monitor household wellbeing at the state and regional level. The first round of MSPS interviews were conducted between November 2022 to March 2023 and collected detailed information regarding labor market participation, education levels,...

Following the significant volatility that characterized much of 2022, economic conditions in Myanmar have shown tentative signs of stabilization in the first half of 2023. The parallel market exchange rate remained broadly stable between January and May, albeit 27 percent lower against the US...

Myanmar's economy has been affected by numerous internal and external shocks since 2020. This report takes stock of the effect of these shocks on Myanmar's workers and their well-being using a reliable new source of household data. The report compares employment indicators from 2017 and 2022 to...

This report is a product of the World Bank's monitoring efforts in Myanmar and provides an in-depth look at the country's agricultural sector and food security status. This study examines intertwined challenges, falling crop yields, escalating food costs, deteriorating dietary habits, changing...

This paper examines Myanmar's economic structure and its sources of economic growth during the period of economic reformation from 2010 to 2015. The study compares the economic performance of Myanmar with that of four other ASEAN countries employing the backward linkage and deviation from...

While the United Nations describes Myanmar's oppression of the Rohingya as "a textbook example of ethnic cleansing" (UN, 2017), the state maintains that the violence was idiosyncratic and not motivated by anti-Rohingya animus. We assemble existing and original large-sample data to evaluate these...

Boycotting has long been acclaimed as an exemplary nonviolent tactic utilized in the pursuit of social justice. Guided by justice and political consumerism literature and using critical media discourse analysis, this study sought to investigate the portrayal of social justice in tourists'...

Material Flow Analysis (MFA) has been widely used to understand the physical economy of the country and its implication on the economic and environmental issues. By subscribing to the data on Global Material Flow Database released by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) International...

The border of Moreh town is a major security concern for the Manipur State of India due to its location whereby it shares the border with neighboring Myanmar and the diverse population characteristics. Furthermore, the conflict in Myanmar following a military coup in 2021 heightened regional...