We draw on a recombinant view of innovation, where being in a new location and/or multiple locations leads to exposure to novel combinations of ideas that increase the creativity of top scientists. Using a rich, unique dataset we helped assemble, we estimate the empirical relationship between...

In this study, we investigate what are the factors of the promotion of female and male scientists at the French Institute of Physics (INP) at CNRS, one of the largest European public research organizations. We construct a long panel of INP physicists combining various data sources on their...

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it investigates how the characteristics of a research team relate to the probability of generating a novel article. Second, once a novel article has been generated, it investigates the moderating effects of the team's characteristics on the impact of the...

We use a large dataset of approximately 1500 physicists employed by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in France to investigate the role of cumulative advantage in their publication career. Measuring output by time series of the number of publications and the number of...

This paper evaluates the relationship between wages and the scientific orientation of R&D organizations. Science-oriented firms allow researchers to publish in the scientific literature and pursue individual research agendas. Adoption of a Science- oriented research approach (i.e., Science) is...

Advance of science and its commercial applications are in a close, symbiotic relationship in the U.S. biotechnology industry. Comparing Japan and the U.S., the structure of the science appears broadly similar, but the organization of the biotechnology industry is quite dissimilar. In the U.S.,...

We document that since 1997, the rate of startup formation has precipitously declined for firms operated by U.S. PhD recipients in science and engineering. These are supposedly the source of some of our best new technological and business opportunities. We link this to an increasing burden of...

In this study, we investigate what are the factors of the promotion of female and male scientists at the French Institute of Physics (INP) at CNRS, one of the largest European public research organizations. We construct a long panel of INP physicists combining various data sources on their...

This paper assesses whether delays in obtaining permanent residency status can explain recent declines in the share of Chinese and Indian PhD graduates from US STEM programs who remain in the US after their studies. We find that newly-binding limits on permanent visas for those from China and...

This paper assesses whether delays in obtaining permanent residency status can explain recent declines in the share of Chinese and Indian PhD graduates from US STEM programs who remain in the US after their studies. We find that newly-binding limits on permanent visas for those from China and...

"The oil and gas industry is one of the richest and most powerful industries in the world. In recent years, company avowals in support of diversity, much-touted programs for 'women in STEM,' and, most importantly, a tight labor market with near parity in women pursuing geoscience credentials...

We study the role of foreign-born workers in the growth of employment in STEM occupations since 1980. Given the importance of employment in these fields for research and innovation, we consider their role in a model featuring endogenous non-routine-biased technical change. We use this model to...

Bereits in den letzten Jahren haben Zuwanderer erheblich zur Fachkräftesicherung in MINT-Berufen beigetragen. Bestrebungen, MINT-Zuwanderer aus dem Herkunftsland Indien zu gewinnen, zeigen erste Erfolge – sowohl die Zahl der Beschäftigten in akademischen MINT-Berufen als auch die Zahl der...

In recent years, qualified immigration has started to play a significant role for the German labour market, especially for securing skilled STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) employment. Efforts made to attract STEM immigrants from India are starting to show signs of...

We study the role of foreign-born workers in the growth of employment in STEM occupations since 1980. Given the importance of employment in these fields for research and innovation, we consider their role in a model featuring endogenous non-routine-biased technical change. We use this model to...

Women’s under-representation in high-paying jobs in engineering and information technology contributes substantially to the gender wage gap, reflecting similar patterns in higher education. We trace these patterns back to students’ choice of advanced science, technology, engineering, and...

Foreword / Brian Balmer -- Neither from here nor from there : transnationalism, identity, and belonging -- Opening pathways : the professional experience of the brains in the UK -- Building bridges : collaboration at a distance, scientific diplomacy, and the challenges for diaspora policies.

Der Realitätsschock erster Arbeitstag -- Das Rüstzeug oder: Die Kompetenzen, die ich habe – und was ich sonst noch so alles bräuchte -- Landkarte der Möglichkeiten – was man mit den Kompetenzen so alles anstellen kann (im studierten Fach und anderswo) -- Und jetzt? – Was sich ab heute...

Immigration is rapidly changing the composition of the R&D workforce in the United States. We study here Chinese chemists and chemical engineers who migrate to the United States for their graduate studies. We analyze productivity at the individual researcher level, thus bypassing the...

Using data on the universe of U.S. patents filed between 1976 and 2010, we quantify how sensitive is migration by star scientist to changes in personal and business tax differentials across states. We uncover large, stable, and precisely estimated effects of personal and corporate taxes on star...

Using data on the universe of U.S. patents filed between 1976 and 2010, we quantify how sensitive is migration by star scientist to changes in personal and business tax differentials across states. We uncover large, stable, and precisely estimated effects of personal and corporate taxes on star...

Considerable attention has been focused, in recent years, on the role that graduate and postdoc students play in the production of academic knowledge. Using data from the MIT Department of Biology for the period 1970-2000, we analyze the evolution over time of four fundamental aspects of their...

Considerable attention has been focused, in recent years, on the role that graduate and postdoc students play in the production of academic knowledge. Using data from the MIT Department of Biology for the period 1970-2000, we analyze the evolution over time of four fundamental aspects of their...

Policy-makers often fret about the low number of university graduates in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Proposed solutions often focus on providing better information for students and parents about the employability or average wages of different fields to...

In the trend of academic entrepreneurship, practical and direct contribution of university research to the society has been emphasized, in which university scientists have increasingly engaged in commercial activities, university-industry relationships, and technology transfers. However, this...

Die Qualität der Bildung und nicht die Zahl an Bildungsjahren ist entscheidend für das Wirtschaftswachstum eines Landes. Studien deuten außerdem darauf hin, dass es vor allem die naturwissenschaftlichen Fächer und mathematischen Spitzenleistungen sind, die entscheidend zur wirtschaftlichen...

Aufgrund des demografischen Wandels könnte es zukünftig immer schwieriger werden, den Bedarf an hochqualifizierten Fachkräften zu decken. Langfristige Arbeitsmarktprojektionen deuten darauf hin, dass die Arbeitskräftenachfrage nach Personen mit einem Qualifikationsprofil aus den Bereichen...