Eutrophication of surface water bodies is the most significant water quality problem worldwide. The EU has developed an extensive regulatory and policy framework to protect the environment from nutrient pollution. Although efforts have been made to integrate and create connections between...

Nitrogen loss is a major limiting factor affecting agricultural productivity in saline-alkali soil, with NH3 volatilization and N leaching being the main sources of N loss. In this study, the dynamics of NH3 volatilization was determined by sponge aeration and distribution of NO3- and 15N in...

Groundwater pollution has increased in recent years due to the intensification of agricultural and livestock activities. This results in a significant reduction in available freshwater resources. Here, we have studied the long term assessment of a green technology (1-4 L/day) based on a...

Guanidinium chloride and guanidine Nitrate are the halides of guanidine. Due to rapid growth in population and industrialization, worldwide Guanidinium chloride and guanidine Nitrate demand is increasing continuously. The production of Guanidinium chloride and guanidine Nitrate are completely...

Diese Veröffentlichung stellt eine von sechs Analysen sektorenübergreifender Herausforderungen für Wasser-Governance dar, die als Teil des STEER-Forschungsprojekts durchgeführt wurden und deren Resultate in separaten Analysen und Stellungnahmen vorliegen. Wenngleich die Land- und...

For many years now, nitrate concentrations have exceeded the trigger value of 50 milligrams per liter at nearly one-fifth of the groundwater sampling sites in Germany. Apart from impairing the ecosystem by, for example, causing eutrophication of water bodies, nitrate-polluted drinking water also...

Despite ongoing efforts by regulatory authorities, there is significant noncompliance with the EU Nitrates Directive among farms in Ireland. Nutrient pollution harms water quality and ecosystems, and farms are subject to fines for noncompliance. This paper examines reasons for noncompliance and...

The salts of nitrite and nitrate are commonly used for curing meat and other perishable produce. They are added to food to preserve it and also help hinder the growth of harmful microorganisms, in particular Clostridium botulinum, the bacterium responsible for life-threatening botulism....

The salts of nitrite and nitrate are commonly used for curing meat and other perishable produce. They are added to food to preserve it and also help hinder the growth of harmful microorganisms, in particular Clostridium botulinum, the bacterium responsible for life-threatening botulism....

The European Union (EU)’s Nitrates Directive (ND) (91/676/EEC) aims to reduce water pollution caused or induced by nitrates from agricultural sources and to prevent further such pollution. Turkey being a candidate country to EU requires heavy cost investments in achieving approximation with EU...

Stickstoffeinträge in Oberflächengewässer stellen ein schwerwiegendes Externalitätenproblem der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion dar. Umwelt- und Verbraucherschützer fordern, diese Externalitäten durch staatliche Eingriffe zu reduzieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund betrachtet die vorliegende...

It is still difficult to derive general findings and conclusions from either economic theory or empirical studies on the relationship between trade and environment. Consequently, we aim to analyse environmental effects of agricultural trade policies in the Austrian Marchfeld region by applying...

Mit der Einführung Cross-Compliance (CC-) Regeln verfolgte die EU-Kommission seinerzeit vier zentrale Ziele: 1. Ernährungssicherheit; 2. Umweltschutz; 3. Klimaschutz; 4. Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums. Diese Vorgaben wurden auf nationaler Ebene in Deutschland implementiert und durch...

Pig farming is one of the strongest polluters of water resources due to its intensive production techniques and slurry rejection. Several European countries have already introduced environmental regulations aiming at reducing the pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, but not...

Nitrate pollution from agriculture is an important environmental problem, caused by the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers. The internalization of this externality, via a tax on mineral nitrogen, could lead to a second best solution, reducing nitrate emissions. Several authors suggest that a...

In Tunisia, the extension of irrigated area is justified by its important role in the development and diversification of agricultural production. Nevertheless, the strong intensification of the agricultural activities may lead to the pollution of underground water resources due to an excess use...

The objective of this report is to create awareness with environmental managers for the potential offered by the use of isotope data when tackling the environmental management of nitrate contamination in ground and surface water. The report shows how such data can lead to source apportionment or...

Excess application to fields of animal manure or mineral fertilizers is generally assumed to be the major source of nitrate pollution in surface and groundwater in agricultural areas in Flanders (Belgium). The Flemish Environment Agency (VMM) suspects, but could not prove, that discharges of...

The directional distance function defined in a DEA type non-parametric framework provides a highly flexible structure for modelling producer behaviour in the presence of polluting emissions and environmental regulations. This article presents five models describing different “command and...

We consider a model of pollution regulation for a risk averse farmer involving hidden information, moral hazard, and risk-sharing. The representative farmer faces a production risk originating from nitrogen leaching, and privately observes the soil capacity in retaining nitrogen only after the...

We consider a model of pollution regulation for a risk averse farmer involving hidden information, moral hazard, and risk-sharing. The representative farmer faces a production risk originating from nitrogen leaching, and privately observes the soil capacity in retaining nitrogen only after the...

The main goal of the project was to assess nitrogen pollution of surface waters and groundwater in the Federal State of North Rhine Westphalia (NRW), Germany. For this purpose the hydro(geo-)logical models GROWA-DENUZ/WEKU were coupled to the agro-economic model RAUMIS in order to assess the...

This study addresses the achievements of cooperative agreements in sustainable agriculture policy. After an economic analysis of multi-actor choice situations, it focuses the attention on the self-organizing potential of regional market parties in order to comply with environmental policy...

This study addresses the achievements of cooperative agreements in sustainable agriculture policy. After an economic analysis of multi-actor choice situations, it focuses the attention on the self-organizing potential of regional market parties in order to comply with environmental policy...

This study addresses the achievements of cooperative agreements in sustainable agriculture policy. After an economic analysis of multi-actor choice situations, it focuses the attention on the self-organizing potential of regional market parties in order to comply with environmental policy...

This study addresses the achievements of cooperative agreements in sustainable agriculture policy. After an economic analysis of multi-actor choice situations, it focuses the attention on the self-organizing potential of regional market parties in order to comply with environmental policy...

The impact of agricultural practices on soil–groundwater quality in the sub-humid Bekaa plain of Lebanon-East Mediterranean was monitored in four fields (F) between July 2007 and July 2009. These were occupied by continuous mint (F1), summer potato/wheat/potato (F2),...

Croatian farming systems have become more intensive in recent years. There is some evidence of rising NO3-N-levels in ground water. The aim of the paper is to find possible ways of preventing NO3-levels to rise in Croatian farming systems and their implications from the viewpoint of the manager....

Cobalt nitrate efficiently catalyzes acylation and benzoylation of alcohols and phenols with stoichiometric amount of acetyl chloride and benzoyl chloride under solvent-free conditions and at room temperature. The remarkable selectivity under mild and neutral conditions, short reaction time,...