This paper presents the findings derived from a comprehensive survey conducted by the Central Bank of Malta, in collaboration with the National Statistics Office, with the aim of analysing payment habits in Malta. The research explores individuals' perspectives on various aspects, including...

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated several challenges, prompting the Indonesian government to enact rules aimed at minimizing direct contact to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, which has also affected transactional activities. Transactions conducted using a digital wallet represent a...

Purpose - This study was conducted to understand the potential of cashless subsidy to reduce illegal underground economy activity in Indonesia. Research methodology - The research was done through a qualitative approach then analyzed based on the content analysis and sentiment analysis using...

This study investigates the factors that affect the adoption of mobile payment systems in Oman, focusing specifically on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the expanding FinTech landscape. By utilizing secondary sources of data from the Central Bank of Oman and global FinTech...

The adoption of electronic payments has increased globally, driving economic growth by enabling smoother transactions. Digital payments enhance speed, security, trust, and efficiency, prompting governments to implement policies that promote financial inclusion through new payment technologies....

This paper provides a targeted analysis of ML/TF risks pertaining to remittances to Samoa, confirming limited risks, and discusses potential opportunities for streamlining applicable AML/CFT requirements to operationalize regional remittances risk assessments. Over the past decade, Samoa has...

This paper takes stock of developments and policy issues related to digital payments innovations across sub-Saharan African (SSA), including central bank digital currency (CBDC), fast payments systems (FPS), mobile money, and crypto assets, which are now at the forefront of policymakers'...

Policymakers in many countries aim to increase the uptake of retail digital payment systems. This Note examines whether interoperability can help achieve this goal. We provide a conceptual framework that explains how interoperability can support the adoption of digital payments by increasing...

This document is a study performed by the JRC to support an analysis of DG-Competition concerning online payment systems. The report provides a high-level overview of online payments in the EU, including payment cards, mobile wallets, bank transfers, and other methods, as well as an examination...

Digital payments have increasingly been adopted by consumers and firms in Latin America and the Caribbean. This policy research paper analyzes recent post-pandemic data on digital payments in the region to describe adoption patterns, measure adoption gaps, and identify adoption barriers. The...

When paying with a payment instrument in fiat currency within the EU, the transaction is covered by the PSD2, which provides prudent protection for payers and their payment instruments. When the transaction is instead executed in bitcoin, an unbacked crypto-asset, the transaction is not covered...

Convenience and security are the two key attributes that consumers consider when choosing between payment technologies. We examine how consumers react to an exogenous change to the convenience and security of digital payments. We study an increase in the 'tap-and-go' limit for contactless...

This paper explores the current use of crypto-assets for payments, focusing mostly on unbacked crypto-assets, while selectively referring to stablecoins. Although some specific characteristics of crypto-assets, such as their price volatility and unclear legal settlement, render them unsuitable...

Most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are implementing fast payment systems (FPS), often with the goal of enhancing access to and use of affordable financial services. FPS offer immediate transfer of funds on a 24x7 basis between end users. This paper assesses how FPS can promote...

Between 2012 and 2024, Poland-once a laggard in cashless payments among EU countries-underwent a profound transformation. The per capita number of cashless transactions at physical points of sale increased more than eightfold, rising from approximately 30 to over 250 per year, surpassing the EU...

The paper deals with cashless payments during the pandemic situation caused by Covid-19. The aim of the paper will be to use the method of analysis and comparison of selected data to answer the following research question: Has the pandemic caused by Covid-19 contributed to increasing the share...

In late 2021 and early 2022, CEMLA conducted a thorough survey involving 12 central banks to analyze key aspects related to the potential implementation of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). The findings revealed prevalent issues and objectives regarding digital payments in the region, as...

The surge in digital payment technologies and the swift transition to a cashless society have propelled the adoption of embedded payment systems, marking a significant shift in the payments landscape. Despite its increasing prevalence, the factors influencing the intention to use embedded...

Online retailers in emerging markets like South Africa are adopting Bitcoin payments. This study explores factors driving consumer adoption and word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations for Bitcoin in online transactions. Using an integrated model combining valency theory, social contagion theory, and...

The European Payment Observatory of commercial transactions (EU Payment Observatory) was set up in 2023 at the initiative of the European Commission to monitor trends and developments on payment performance and behaviour in commercial transactions in the EU to combat late payments. Late payments...

This study aims to assess the impact of neighborhood effects (NEs) on the adoption of digital payments (DP), focusing specifically on the northern mountainous regions of Vietnam. The innovation of our research lies in integrating the UTAUT2 model with the theory of herd behavior (THB). By...

Late payments are a significant hurdle for the competitiveness of EU companies. Delayed payments affect firms' liquidity, thereby hampering their ability to properly operate and to invest in growth. They also make it difficult for companies to pursue the digital and sustainable transition that...

Late payments are a significant hurdle for the competitiveness of EU companies. Delayed payments affect firms' liquidity, thereby hampering their ability to properly operate and to invest in growth. They also make it difficult for companies to pursue the digital and sustainable transition that...

We investigate the introduction of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) into the market for payments. Focusing on the point of sale, we develop and estimate a structural model of consumer adoption, merchant acceptance and usage decisions. We counterfactually simulate the introduction of a...

Retail central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and fast payment systems (FPS) share a number of similarities. Both allow for instant transactions for end users, can rely on underlying infrastructures operated by the central bank and can allow for an important role for private payment service...

This volume provides insights and lessons learned from a range of fast payment systems (FPS). Over 100 jurisdictions worldwide, including 15 jurisdictions in Latin America, have implemented FPS, which are a promising tool to improve people's payment experience, access to financial services and...

This article focuses on the fastest-growing consumer credit segment usually associated with e-commerce, but increasingly offered for brick-and-mortar shopping too. The purpose of the study was to identify how, and the extent to which, specific aspects of consumer behaviour - particularly in...

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a surge in digital payments, with over 40 % of adults in low- and middle-income countries making their first merchant payments using cards, phones, or the internet since the pandemic began. This study examines the determinants of adopting digital payments during...

This paper contributes to understanding consumers' retail payment preferences and digitalisation in personal finances. We focus on the acceptance of cashless payments in everyday situations and the use of mobile banking apps in the euro area, where the payment services market has changed...