Telephone operation, one of the most common jobs for young American women in the early 1900s, provided hundreds of thousands of female workers a pathway into the labor force. Between 1920 and 1940, AT&T adopted mechanical switching technology in more than half of the U.S. telephone network,...

[Abstract]: Little progress has been made in australia and New Zealand towards achieving gender balance in management. One factor that has received little consideration in seeking explanations for this lack of progress is the lack of recognition given to professional secretaries. This paper...