The Country Opinion Survey in Togo assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Togo perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and...

The Country Opinion Survey in Benin assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how Benin stakeholders perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and...

Using an online experiment with 5,762 US participants, we investigate whether individuals who seek competition face inaccurate perceptions of their behaviors and personality and whether women are held to different standards than men. We find that evaluators perceive competitive women as less...

We study the long-term impact of compulsory military service, a powerful nation building tool, on attitudes toward immigrants. Using a regression discontinuity design, we compare cohorts of men required to serve with those exempted due to suspension of compulsory service in 21 European...

The Country Opinion Survey in Kuwait assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Kuwait perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and...

We study the long-term impact of compulsory military service, a powerful nation building tool, on attitudes toward immigrants. Using a regression discontinuity design, we compare cohorts of men required to serve with those exempted due to suspension of compulsory service in 21 European...

We investigate the effect of anti-immigration attitudes on immigration plans to Europe. We propose a new instrument for attitudes toward immigration, namely, the number of country nationals killed in terrorist attacks taking place outside of Europe. Our first-stage results confirm that such...

For this Flash Eurobarometer, a representative sample of citizens, aged 15 and over, in four selected enlargement countries (Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia) was interviewed. Between 13 January and 2 February 2025, 3 539 interviews were conducted over the telephone (landline and...

For this Flash Eurobarometer, a representative sample of citizens, aged 15 and over, in four selected enlargement countries (Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia) was interviewed. Between 13 January and 2 February 2025, 3 539 interviews were conducted over the telephone (landline and...

This Flash Eurobarometer investigates EU citizens' attitudes and preferences towards taxation and tax policy. It examines key themes, such as EU citizens' perception of the desired tax mix - that is, the adequate balance between different types of taxes like income, consumption taxes (e.g. VAT),...

This Flash Eurobarometer investigates EU citizens' attitudes and preferences towards taxation and tax policy. It examines key themes, such as EU citizens' perception of the desired tax mix - that is, the adequate balance between different types of taxes like income, consumption taxes (e.g. VAT),...

Corruption is a multi-sector phenomenon, present both in the public and private sector, and in the political arena. While corruption can take the form of petty crime or complex high-level corruption, it can also hide behind favouritism and nepotism, conflicts of interest and revolving doors -...

This Eurobarometer survey, first conducted in 2013, and repeated in 2015, 2017, 2019, 2023 and 2024, is designed to explore the level of corruption perceived and experienced by businesses employing one or more persons in the following six key sectors: energy, mining, oil and gas, chemicals;...

This study examines how overconfidence shapes individuals' preference for redistribution. We contend that overconfidence inflates individuals' income expectations, which reduces the perceived benefits of redistribution for these individuals and thereby weakens their preference for such policies....

Social sustainability that starts from the workplace is a relevant factor for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Based on this need, this study analyzes the role of virtuous leadership as facilitator of health and inclusive work environments that integrate followers'...

Despite considerable changes in the gender gap regarding educational qualifications and labor force participation, the share of female managers has changed only slowly and continues to be low. This paper adds new evidence to the study of the dearth of women in top managerial positions in firms...

We study anchoring effects in the elicitation of multidimensional beliefs within a single survey task using a representative sample of the German voting-age population. Respondents estimated governmentspending levels across several domains (e.g., education, defense, social security), with...

We study anchoring effects in the elicitation of multidimensional beliefs within a single survey task using a representative sample of the German voting-age population. Respondents estimated government-spending levels across several domains (e.g., education, defense, social security), with...

As climate change intensifies, flood events are becoming more frequent and more destructive across Europe. In Germany, catastrophic floods in 2021 caused over EUR 40 billion in damages, prompting a large-scale government aid response. At the same time, only about 50 percent of residential...

Western Balkan countries aim to intensify their path toward the European Union as an opportunity to ensure peace, economic growth, and institutional sustainability. Apart from the regional challenges, the EU integration process of the WB is affected by different geopolitical challenges, such as...

This Special Eurobarometer 564 report is a comprehensive study commissioned by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood (DG ENEST) and conducted between February and March 2025. This report delves into various aspects of EU enlargement, providing...

This Special Eurobarometer 564 report is a comprehensive study commissioned by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood (DG ENEST) and conducted between February and March 2025. This report delves into various aspects of EU enlargement, providing...

Attitudes and perceptions regarding refugees and migrants play a vital role in the integration potential of newcomers and reflect policies and policy changes. This paper investigates how the exposure of urban communities to the presence of refugees and migrants in their local neighbourhoods...