This study constructs a two-sector two-class economic growth model to analyze an economy described in Marx's Capital , where only the capitalist owns the means of production and maximizes the surplus value, while the worker provides labor in exchange for the minimum subsistence wage. Unlimited...

Purpose The principal aim of this paper is to review three basic theoretical growth models, namely the Harrod-Domar model, the Solow model and the Ramsey model, and examine their implications for economic policies. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilizes a positivist research framework...

Across EU countries there is no general tendency for public investment to be crowded out by fiscal rules. The notion of investment in the public sector is different from the private sector, and it is problematic to base policy rules on the national account definition of investment. A Golden Rule...

This paper investigates the possibility of aggregate instability in an intertemporal competitive equilibrium when preferences are envious and fiscal policies including consumption taxes are Ramsey optimal. Indeterminacy emerges under the joint condition of catching-up-with-theJoneses preferences...

While gold is a volatile asset, it is often considered a safe haven that offers protection during bear markets. We study this safe haven hypothesis by analyzing a strategic allocation to gold for a loss averse investor with a 1-year evaluation horizon. A modest allocation to gold indeed helps to...

1. Basic laws of production -- 2. Classical growth models and homogeneity -- 3. Classical growth models and minimal factor rewards -- 4. Aggregate endogenous growth models -- 5. Neoclassical growth models -- 6. Keynesian growth models -- 7. Leontief technology and efficient factor utilization --...

This paper investigates whether a "Golden Rule" of regulation of an infectious disease may be elicited that balances the economic control and disease costs when the arrival of a future vaccine or a cure is uncertain. Formulating an optimal control problem applied to standard compartment models...

This paper considers common use of natural, renewable resources. It identifies good prospects for efficiency and welfare. To wit, a core outcome - hence cooperation - can be secured over time by principal planning of total quotas, and in time by agents who share these in short-term markets....

In this paper, we provide a framework for history-dependent utility models. Habit formation is a particular case of history-dependence and there is not yet any consensus on the way to formalize habits. Our framework allows to study not only habit models that are either additive or multiplicative...

Accurate crop growth and radiation use efficiency (RUE) measurements under optimal growth conditions are required to predict grain yield near the genetic growth potential and estimate climate change effects on crop production. Research was conducted to quantify RUE of maize during the whole...

We analyze the causes of the apparent bias towards optimism in growth forecasts underpinning the design of IMF-supported programs, which has been documented in the literature. We find that financial variables observable to forecasters are strong predictors of growth forecast errors. The greater...

Phelpsís (1961) Golden Rule states an unambiguous relationship between optimal capital intensity and fertility: a rise in fertility decreases the optimal capital intensity, because a higher fertility increases the investment required to sustain a given capital to labour ratio (i.e., the capital...

The fact that consumption and investment goods are perfect substitutes in discounted stochastic optimal growth theory, as represented by a one-sector neoclassical model, results in a smooth production-possibility-frontier (PPF) for which first-order Ramsey-Euler conditions can be fully...

To fill the knowledge gap that previous studies ignore either housing or internal urban structure and to enable better fit with important stylized facts, we construct a two-sector optimal growth model of housing where housing is produced by land and housing structure/household durables. We...

We consider bank panic models in which, depending on the configuration of fundamentals, there can be a positive probability of a bank panic. A crucial assumption in these models is that new equity cannot enter in a panic. We quantify the importance of this assumption by computing the minimal...

I examine optimal taxes in an overlapping generations economy in which each consumer's utility depends on consumption relative to a weighted average of consumption by others (the benchmark level of consumption) as well as on the level of the consumer's own consumption. The socially optimal...

We analyze the dynamics of a simple growth model in which production occurs with a delay while new capital is installed (time-to-build). The time-to-build technology is shown to yield a system of functional (delay) differential equations with a unique steady state. We demonstrate that the steady...

In order to help in designing an accurate pension reform, we determine the resource allocation in an endogenous fertility model that generates an endogenous demographic transition by means of distinguishing between female and male labor. We analyze the problem of the optimal solution and...

In this paper, we first provide a framework for history-dependent utility models. We further consider discrete infinite horizon dynamic optimization programs in which the instantaneous payoff presents such historydependence. Habits are a particular case of history-dependence. An issue about...

What is a good reduced-form representation of Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans. (RCK) model? Solow's model (despite non-optimizing agents) provides predictions largely consistent with a closed-economy RCK but fundamentally differs regarding open-economy income convergence. Where RCK predicts partial income...

This exercise offers an innovative learning mechanism to model economic agent's decision-making process using a deep reinforcement learning algorithm. In particular, this AI agent is born in an economic environment with no information on the underlying economic structure and its own preference....

This paper investigates whether a "Golden Rule" of regulation of an infectious disease may be elicited that balances the economic control and disease costs when the arrival of a future vaccine or a cure is uncertain. Formulating an optimal control problem applied to standard compartment models...

We study the dynamic Ramsey problem of finding optimal public debt and linear taxes on capital and labor income within a tractable infinite horizon model with incomplete markets. With zero public expenditure and debt, it is optimal to tax the risky labor income and subsidize capital, while a...

In this paper we show that we can replace the assumption of constant discount rate in the one-sector optimal growth model with the assumption of decreasing marginal impatience without losing major properties of the model. In particular, we show that the steady state exists, is unique, and has a...

Feldstein [1985] posed the questions of what would be the optimal level of retirement benefit, and what would be the optimal mix between the pay-as-you-go system and the funded pension system under the assumption of an exogenous interest rate. We reconsider the problem with the addition of a...

This paper searches for a general equilibrium model of optimal growth and endogenous fiscal policy with the aim of explaining the interaction between private agents and fiscal authorities in the U.S., West Germany, Japan and the U.K. over the period 1960-1996. Our search is conducted in the...