The Space Economy is defined by the OECD as 'activities and use of space resources that create value and benefits for humanity in the course of exploring, researching, understanding, managing and utilizing space.' * The value of the Space Economy in the early 2020s was somewhere between $370...

With investments in outer space growing exponentially and with more states seeking to develop domestic space capabilities, states should be aware of their rights and obligations under international space law and of the potential applicability of investment protection obligations to space...

Are there too many satellites in Low Earth Orbit, or too few? Why not use a market mechanism such as space launch auctions or orbit auctions to answer this question? This paper contributes to the literature on outer space governance by proposing a novel method of outer space governance: orbit...

Human exploration of outer space has stimulated multiple innovations from both government and private sources. The decision to invest vast sums of money over a short period of time for the moon programs of the 1960s radically increased the level of innovation. Accomplishing this required new...

Nightlight is used as a proxy for economic activity at the subnational level. Two types of nightlight data are mainly available- Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), available from 1992-2013, and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), available from 2012. In this study,...

Humans once again stand poised to institutionally transcend possible harmful economic and social stagnation arising from earthbound limitations by becoming a space faring species. The resurgent public interest in the economic and cultural potential of outer space reflects the convergence of...

What would it mean for people to make outer space better rather than worse? Earth-based intuitions about the relationship between humans and the environment often assume that humans are a source of degradation and pollution, and that the best thing humans can do is to leave the environment alone...

Der Bericht untersucht die rechtlichen Fragen, die sich im Kontext der mit "New Space" umschriebenen Transformation der Raumfahrt stellen. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet das internationale Weltraumrecht. Aus diesem ergibt sich die staatliche Pflicht zur Genehmigung und Beaufsichtigung...

"Space is the next great, untapped market opportunity, and it's undergoing a commercial revolution right now. No, it's not hotels on Mars or day trips to orbit (yet), but it's still an awe-inspiring transformation driven by innovation, creativity, and new technology. A wave of companies led by...

To understand how global firm networks operate, we need consistent information on their activities, unbiased by their reporting choices. In this paper, we collect a novel dataset on the light that factories emit at night for a large sample of car manufacturing plants. We show that nightlight...

To understand how global firm networks operate, we need consistent information on their activities, unbiased by their reporting choices. In this paper, we collect a novel dataset on the light that factories emit at night for a large sample of car manufacturing plants. We show that nightlight...

To understand how global firm networks operate, we need consistent information on their activities, unbiased by their reporting choices. In this paper, we collect a novel dataset on the light that factories emit at night for a large sample of car manufacturing plants. We show that nightlight...

Earth's orbits are polluted by more than 100 million debris objects that pose a collision threat to satellites and other spacecraft. The risk of perturbing highly valuable space-based services critical to life on Earth, such as weather monitoring and disaster management, is making debris...

This paper situates the ongoing debate and recently changing political narrative around the fundamental principle of “peaceful purposes” as enshrined in the Outer Space Treaty. The origins and evolution of the meaning of peaceful purposes are discussed. Further, the paper advances arguments...

The living dead (Trademarks) are among us!Taking advantage of the lack of clear statutory guidance under federal Trademark law, these Zombie Trademarks are feeding on the residual goodwill of and praying on consumer nostalgia. As the Zombie Marks virus is permitted to spread, a paralyzing...

Much has changed in the space economy over the past decade, with an ever-growing number of countries and business enterprises involved in space activities. Despite progress made in the quality and availability of data, the international comparability of space economy statistics remains limited....

Evening-hour luminosity observed using satellites is a good proxy for economic activity. The strengths of measuring economic activity using nightlight measurements include that the data capture informal activity, are available in near real-time, are cheap to obtain, and can be used to conduct...

Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty states that “the activities of non-governmental entities shall require authorization and continuing supervision.” This has caused confusion for the US government and for private entities that plan to operate in outer space engaging in nontraditional...

A subset of a topological space (X, ) is called preopen if ⊂ . The complement of a preopen set is called preclosed set. In the literature preopen sets have been utilized to characterize separation axioms, covering properties and functions. The aim of this paper is to introduce and study class...

Evening-hour luminosity observed using satellites is a good proxy for economic activity. The strengths of measuring economic activity using nightlight measurements include that the data capture informal activity, are available in near real-time, are cheap to obtain, and can be used to conduct...

Purpose In light of the discussions on outer space property management, this conceptual review paper aims to discuss and evaluate if, when and under which conditions certain land management and property right frameworks can apply to allocate and/or restrict property rights in outer space....

Purpose This paper aims to draw on Ostrom’s commons theory to analyse the governance regime of Antarctic as a commons institution. Antarctic is a peculiar territorial space on Earth, which due to its unique characteristics constitutes a global common resource that very much resembles outer...

Purpose Humanity has a weakness in how we approach the “challenge” of using outer space. This paper aims to show how the global and national frameworks that address our planetary activities and crises are inadequate for the opportunities and challenges of life in outer space....

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present and analyse part of the relevant legal instruments currently available for regulating environmentally harmful space activities. Design/methodology/approach This paper opted for a functional research method combined with a comparative methodology....

"This authored book addresses the global issues and solutions pertaining to outer space law and policy, addressing the United Nations international five space treaties, the main contents of thirty countries' domestic space law and policy as well as their national space agencies and two space...

"Even before Apollo 11 landed on the Moon, private companies were exploiting space via communication satellites - a sector that is seeing exponential growth in the internet age. In human spaceflight, too, commercialisation is making itself felt. Billionaire entrepreneurs Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos...

"This volume focuses on the social, cultural, and ecological consequences of a political economy of energy. A political economy of energy holds that an enduring hallmark of the current context is a reorganization of human society toward energy extraction and production. Limits to Terrestrial...

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mumford and Bataille: toward a political economy of energy consumption -- 3 Climate change and decarbonization: the politics of delusion, delay, and destruction...

Before 2009, the literature on space law simply alleged that the growing population of space debris congesting near-Earth orbits is analogous to Garrett Hardin’s ‘Tragedy of the Commons’. These works, however, failed to illustrate how, if at all, the metaphorical model fits the actual...

Professor Leonard Lukaszuk is one of the main specialist on public international law of the sea. In his new book, printed in 2012 inTorun, he decided to analyze very specific and interesting subject: the cooperation and rivalry in outer space. In his opinion it is profoundly influenced (a) by...

The state's right to outer space is far from clear delimitation. Outer space is a typical commons, which means every sovereign state has the right to use the outer space and no state has the right to exclude others from using the outer space. The logic of tragedy of commons equally applies in...

Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty states that the activities of non-governmental entities shall require authorization and continuing supervision. This has caused confusion for the US government and for private entities that plan to operate in outer space engaging in nontraditional businesses...