Purpose Artificial intelligence (AI) offers many benefits to improve predictive marketing practice. It raises ethical concerns regarding customer prioritization, market share concentration and consumer manipulation. This paper explores these ethical concerns from a contemporary perspective,...

In the pursuit of development and evaluation, entrepreneurship is the key to unlocking the shackles of poverty and unemployment. However, Pakistani students often catch themselves lacking the catalyst that ignites the entrepreneurial flame due to the absence of the essential knowledge, skills,...

Accelerated progress towards and achievement of universal health coverage (UHC) has become a central goal of the Government of Pakistan's (GoP) policy agenda in health in recent years. Both at the center and in the provinces, Pakistan's domestic governments have now consistently reiterated,...

This paper summarizes the approach used to estimate monetary poverty for Pakistan in 2019-20 at the district level. The small area estimation method is used to impute welfare from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2018-19 into the Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey...

In the fiscal year 2018/19, 21.9 percent of the population in Pakistan lived below the national poverty line. Since then, the COVID-19 pandemic, devastating floods in 2022, and a macro-fiscal crisis with record inflation have profoundly impacted economic activity and income-earning...

In 2016, Pakistan adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into its national development agenda as part of its commitment to the 2030 Agenda for Universal Health Coverage (UHC). In 2018, the Government of Pakistan designed and approved a National SDGs Framework to prioritize and localize...

This report reflects on the findings from an internal control assessment of health service delivery units for primary health care, as well as a subsequent options analysis. Together, they show significant opportunities for improved systemic efficiency, as low-value, frequent transactions (that...

After decades of volatile low growth and low investment, Pakistan has fallen behind its peers in key metrics of development. It now has an opportunity to durably take another course. The economy is recovering from the recent crisis as the government has launched an ambitious program of fiscal,...

Servant leadership has been identified as extremely important for organizational performance and success; therefore, much focus is placed on developing and maintaining leaders' positive attitudes and behaviors toward their subordinates. Different servant models have been put out by earlier...

New ODI research underscores how women's movements are leading the push for democratic governance and inclusion, particularly in contexts of eroding civic space or where democracies are increasingly authoritarian. Yet, they face growing backlash from a rising tide of politicised religion. Based...

New ODI research underscores how women's movements are leading the push for democratic governance and inclusion, particularly in contexts of eroding civic space or where democracies are increasingly authoritarian. Yet, they face growing backlash from a rising tide of politicised religion. Based...

We study whether commuting barriers constrain women's labor supply in urban Pakistan. We randomize offers of gender-segregated or mixed-gender commuting services at varying prices. Women-only transport more than doubles job application rates, while mixed-gender transport has minimal effects on...

Poor households are heterogeneous in the circumstances preventing an improvement in their welfare. It is important to understand the nuances within different types of poor households so that critical pathways out of poverty that remedy the variegated sets of constraints they face can be...

This study assesses the impact of fiscal policy in Pakistan - taxes, social expenditures, and subsidy expenditures - on poverty and inequality using the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Methodology. Results show that fiscal policy increased the national poverty headcount and left inequality largely...

The rising number of refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) presents new challenges for vaccine distribution and the spread of diseases. How do forcibly displaced population inflows affect infectious diseases incidence in host communities? Can a policy intervention that vaccinates...

The current study looks at the relationships in the Pakistani smartphone market between brand experience, brand love, and brand loyalty. In addition, we also study brand trust's moderating effect. The data was collected from 300 Pakistani smartphone users. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and...

New processes significantly affect firms and workers; however, due to a lack of quantitative indicators, our understanding of the measures, determinants, and impacts of new processes remains limited. Drawing on unique data from Pakistan, we analyzed five different measures of process innovation...

We computationally reproduce the central findings in Mehmood (2022), which studied the effect of a 2010 reform in Pakistan replacing the presidential appointment of high-court judges with peer appointments. Mehmood leveraged judicial records interpreted and coded by lawyers in Pakistan at the...

The link between climate change and migration has gained considerable recognition in recent years. Yet, it remains a complex and highly divisive issue in policy and academic circles alike. Fanned by populist politics and partisan media, misleading claims of large-scale migration of climate...

This study explores the impact of green transformational leadership and environmental strategies on promoting green innovation in manufacturing firms in Pakistan. It examines how such leadership and its strategies encourage employees to foster green innovation through effective knowledge-sharing...

Mobile banking, an innovative branchless banking system, is burgeoning in Pakistan. Grounded in expectation confirmation theory, this study empirically examines the interplay of trust beliefs and trustworthiness with relationship quality to generate user intentions for mobile banking. We...

Remittances are an important source of external financing in Pakistan, amounting to around 10% of gross domestic product in 2021. As such, an appropriate understanding of the key macroeconomic drivers of remittances has important policy implications. Combining a database of bilateral remittances...

This study aims to test the hypothesized moderated mediation process combining project conflicts, negative emotions, employee resilience, and employee burnout. It proposes that negative emotions can be considered as a mediator between the relationship of project conflicts and employee burnout,...

This study aims to investigate a model that applies team support for innovation as a mediating mechanism for the association of team identification (TI) with task performance (TP) and proactive work behavior (PWB) in the software companies. The sample encompasses 92 teams working in software...

The power sector of Pakistan has undergone numerous reforms, in this context the present study examines the impact of these reforms on efficacy and sustainability. The literature on power sector reforms in developing countries is extensive and diverse, covering various aspects and dimensions of...

The global concern of biodiversity loss highlights the significance of sustainable practices protecting natural resources, which require massive investment. However, scarce resources often hinder this, particularly in emerging economies. Biodiversity finance can be an anticipated solution to...

Information literacy (IL) plays an essential role in digital inclusion as it enables people to make use of the information available in multiple mediums on the Internet through digital devices. This study intends to examine the effect of IL on lifelong learning (LL) through the mediating role of...

Pakistan is one of those nations that is suffering from the complications of higher fertility and lower levels of education and struggling to improve these demographic factors. In any country, education is considered the reason to control fertility levels. To shed some light on the importance of...

In Pakistan, the majority of people have access to energy supplies. However, people who are underprivileged, below the extreme poverty line, or part of the middle class often spend disproportionate portions of their income on energy supplies and services, to some extent because of higher upfront...

Building on the dynamic capability perspective, this study investigates effective digitalization and digital transformation strategies in the tech industry by highlighting the relevance of the digital divide among developed and developing economies. Further, the study identifies the key...

The global concern of biodiversity loss highlights the significance of sustainable practices protecting natural resources, which require massive investment. However, scarce resources often hinder this, particularly in emerging economies. Biodiversity finance can be an anticipated solution to...

The purpose of this report is to provide relevant information in view of the assessment of international protection, including refugee status and subsidiary protection. The report covers the period of 1 October 2023 - 25 October 2024. Events taking place after the end of the reference period...

The rising number of refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) presents new challenges for vaccine distribution and the spread of diseases. How do forcibly displaced population inflows affect infectious diseases incidence in host communities? Can a policy intervention that vaccinates...

The evaluation assessed the EU's Budget Support programmes implemented in Jamaica from 2008 to 2021 in support of the country's National Development Plan (Vision 2030) and the economic, justice & security and forest management sector reform strategies. This evaluation was mandated by the...

Volatility increases the risk of exchange rate, and the risk of exchange rate refers to losing money due to fluctuations in the exchange rate. Thus, it significantly impacts the country's economic development stability or sustainability, as making investment and trade decisions under volatile...