The years 1860 to 1960 witnessed the birth and rapid expansion of the modern pulp and paper industry. Its sine qua non was access to enormous volumes of conifer trees that grew in the northern hemisphere's temperate and boreal forests. Predictably, countries in northern Europe with large swaths...

On 13 July 2022, a WTO arbitrator issued its decision on the methodology Canada may use to fix the level of suspension of concessions or other obligations in the goods sector vis-à-vis the United States if, in the future, the US applies countervailing duties on Canadian goods based on a measure...

1. Networked industry survival -- 2. Capital networks and early papermaking -- 3. Building paper industria -- 4. Corporatization of paper manufacturing -- 5. Transnational capital and paper production -- 6. Networked capitalism.

Game spaces in which an organism must repeatedly compete with an opponent for mutually exclusive outcomes are critical methodologies for understanding decision-making under pressure. In the non-transitive game rock, paper, scissors (RPS), the only technique that guarantees the lack of...

Game spaces in which an organism must repeatedly compete with an opponent for mutually exclusive outcomes are critical methodologies for understanding decision-making under pressure. In the non-transitive game rock, paper, scissors (RPS), the only technique that guarantees the lack of...

"The chapters in this volume grew out of the first conference devoted solely to the trade of paper. The speakers and attendees met in Erlangen, Germany, in February 2019 [...]. [...] The conference was generously sponsored by the German Research Association (DFG) and by the 'Freundeskreis der...

This book attends to the most essential, lucrative, and overlooked business activity of early modern Europe: the trade of paper, uncovering its hotspots and trade routes, usual dealings, and recycling economies.

In 2007, the United States Department of Commerce altered a 23-year old policy of not applying the countervailing duty law to non-market economies, and initiated eight countervailing and antidumping duty investigations on Chinese imports. The change brings heated debate on trade remedy policies...

The present paper reports a repeated experiment on decision making under risk where subjects have to tackle the same choice problems in several rounds. We fit a simple error model and investigate how behavior changes in the course of the experiment. Our analysis complements and extends Hey...

A key prediction of a large class of theoretical models is that the location of economic activity is not necessarily determined by fundamentals. To test the empirical relevance of these ideas requires a natural experiment in which a large but ultimately temporary shock dislocates economic...

Consequences of path-dependent supply side hysteresis on the market equilibrium are illustrated. Supply is only a subsystem of the entire market with its forcing variable (price) being endogenous from the perspective of the entire market. This results in feedbacks on the equilibrium of price and...

Empirical work on the causal effect of government fragmentation finds diversified results. This might be explained by the fact that studies typically are settled in different institutional environments. To assess in how far the political system might shape the effects of fragmentation, this...

Scenarios of future energy systems attribute an important role to Carbon Capture, Transport, and Storage (CCTS) in achieving emission reductions. Using captured CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) can improve the economics of the technology. This paper examines the potential for CO2-EOR in...

Science and technology have been the driving force of development for knowledge-based economies. In particular, as competition in mobile communications technology innovation among countries become more intense, there are growing needs for enhanced judgment, evaluation, and prediction of...

This paper uses a set of routinely collected high-frequency data in low-income countries (LICs) to construct an aggregate and a comprehensive index of economic activity which could serve (i) as a measure of the direction of economic activity; and (ii) as a useful input in analyzing...

The paper deals with the most used metadata formats and thesauri suitable for describing scientific and research papers in the domains agriculture, food industry, aquaculture, environment and rural areas. These include the Dublin Core (DC), Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), Virtual Open...

Science and technology have been the driving force of development for knowledge-based economies. In particular, as competition in mobile communications technology innovation among countries become more intense, there are growing needs for enhanced judgment, evaluation, and prediction of...

In 2007, the United States Department of Commerce altered a 23-year old policy of not applying the countervailing duty law to non-market economies, and initiated eight countervailing and antidumping duty investigations on Chinese imports. The change brings heated debate on trade remedy policies...

As awareness of the current unsustainable state of our society increases, it has become evident that immediate action is needed to change this state. Many of the ecological changes that threaten the long-term survival of humans and of other species have anthropogenic origins. Industry's impact...

Consensus forecasts are inefficient, over-weighting older information already in the public domain at the expense of new private information, when individual forecasters have different information sets. Using a cross-country panel of growth forecasts and new methodological insights, this paper...

Technical interoperability enables subscriber to receive signals from any DTH service provider using same STB. In the year 2008, TRAI had recommended that technical interoperability be part of the license conditions. The consultation paper has attempted to bring out various issues involved in...

Finding innovative ways to reduce waste streams generated at US Department of Energy (DOE) sites by 50% by the year 2000 is a challenge for DOE`s waste minimization efforts. A team composed of members from several DOE facilities used the quality tool known as benchmarking to improve waste...

In some key respects the income versus consumption tax choice is simply misunderstood by many people, including sophisticated practitioners.

This working paper reconsiders and adds to empirical evidence on the effect of federal government debt and interest rates.

The establishment of new accounting rules for expensing options would likely do more harm than good.

This study's estimates of the reduction in accidents from a ban on cell phone use while driving are both lower and less certain than previous studies indicate.

Requiring companies to expense options in the absence of any satisfactory method to evaluate their costs would be inconsistent with the principles and objectives of accounting.

The paper-making industry in Vietnam is the cause of significant environmental pollution that is affecting the country's wildlife and the health and livelihoods of its people. This study has investigated this problem in one of the country's where paper-making is an important industry. It finds...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of mixed waste paper for the production of ethanol fuels and to review the available conversion technologies, and assess developmental status, current and future cost of production and economics, and the market potential. This report is based...

A survey of currency flaw severity was carried out using 300 banknotes and 37 judges. Each judge assigned each note to one of five flaw severity categories. These categories correspond to severity grades of 1 to 5 with 1 equivalent to ''always accepted'' and 5 ''never accepted.'' An average flaw...

Proceedings based on a talk given by Ted Helvoigt, mainly PowerPoints