The model of perfect competition is one of the most famous, most important, and most misunderstood concepts in economics. Rather than aiming to be a full-blown model of real-world competitive markets, the perfect competition model isolates the decentralized coordination mechanism inherent in all...

The model of perfect competition is one of the most famous, most important, and most misunderstood concepts in economics. Rather than aiming to be a full-blown model of real-world competitive markets, the perfect competition model isolates the decentralized coordination mechanism inherent in all...

We consider a large rational expectations economy built on Han and Yang (2013) where traders can share information with each other via an information network and investigate the impact of network connectedness on market equilibrium outcomes. We find that in the equilibrium with endogenous...

Perfectly competitive market is often used in economics textbook as an idealized model for understanding microeconomics issue. But, is it realisable in practice, and crucially, under what kind of scenario and condition? The answer is: perfectly competitive market does not exist in most market...

Markets, likened to an invisible hand, often appear to contradict econometric assumptions that rule out spillovers of one person's treatment on another's outcomes. This paper provides a simple statistical framework highlighting that controls are indirectly affected by the treatment through the...

I demonstrate a straightforward but apparently widely unrecognized implication of the standard requirements for perfect competition: an economy in which consumers can choose to learn is generally not perfectly competitive. In particular, if endogenous welfare relevant learning is feasible, the...

The primary predictions of strategic-trade theory are not restricted to imperfectly-competitive markets. Indeed, these predictions emerge in a natural three-country extension of the traditional theory of trade policy in competitive markets, once the theory is augmented to allow for...

I demonstrate a straightforward but apparently widely unrecognized implication of the standard requirements for perfect competition: an economy in which consumers can choose to learn is generally not perfectly competitive. In particular, if endogenous welfare relevant learning is feasible, the...

This paper mainly studies two topics: linear complementarity problems for modeling electricity market equilibria and optimization under uncertainty. We consider both perfectly competitive and Nash-Cournot models of electricity markets and study their robustifications using strict robustness and...

The quality of public management is a recurrent concern in many countries. Calls to attract the economy's best and brightest managers to the public sector abound. This paper studies self-selection into managerial and non-managerial positions in the public and private sector, using a model of a...

This paper is based on the model of backward linkages from foreign direct investment (FDI) Lin/Saggi (2003), where the market structure of the final goods sector is represented by a monopoly or Cournot oligopoly, and the supplier sector - by a pure monopoly. We extend this model by examining...

This paper shows that perfectly competitive behavior can occur in individual markets that exhibit frictions of trading. I consider an environment where firms hire workers to produce an output sold in a product market. Both markets are frictional as consumers and workers have imperfect access to...

We consider uncertain robust electricity market equilibrium problems including transmission and generation investments. Electricity market equilibrium modeling has a long tradition but is, in most of the cases, applied in a deterministic setting in which all data of the model are known. Whereas...

In spite of the apparent general consensus, both economic theory in abstracto and the political practice in the realm of competition are looked upon from (too) many perspectives. Far from being convergent or even complementary, the “theories” and “policies” are rather contradictory and...

1. Introduction -- 2. The Price of Oysters (demand and supply) -- 3. When You’ve Got to Go, You’ve Got to Go (pricing) -- 4. The Competition is Tough (perfect competition) -- 5. Why Trade is Good 1 (economic welfare) -- 6. Last Copy, Sir: Double Price (monopoly) -- 7. The Kursaal Flyers...

Using perfectly competitive, general equilibrium models of international trade, specific import tariffs, specific export taxes, and ad valorem trade taxes are compared in a trade war. A trade war is modelled as a NE in trade policies, where each country can choose to use ad valorem trade taxes...

Italian Abstract: L'obiettivo di questo capitolo è il rapporto tra la funzione di costo, che stilizza le ipotesi sui rendimenti di scala, e la funzione d'offerta dell'impresa concorrenziale, singola e aggregata. Useremo la teoria microeconomica standard della produzione allo scopo di...

During the second half of the twentieth century economic theory moved increasingly away from price theory, which was gradually displaced by more modern trends such as game theory, decision theory, behavioral-empirical-experimental economics, heterodox economics, etc. This was due to serious...

We analyze the interplay between product market prices and firm boundary decisions. Enterprises are heterogeneous with respect to their productivities and each enterprise chooses between two ownership structures--centralized ownership (integration) performs well in coordinating managerial...

Using perfectly competitive, general equilibrium models of international trade, specific import tariffs, specific export taxes, and ad valorem trade taxes are compared in a trade war. A trade war is modelled as a NE in trade policies, where each country can choose to use ad valorem trade taxes...

The perfectly competitive market – a hypothetical situation free of market failure – is the basis for the two fundamental welfare theorems, and an important benchmark for economic theory. The radical abstractions of this idea, however, make its full implications hard to grasp. I address this...

The perfectly competitive market - a hypothetical situation free of market failure - is the basis for the two fundamental welfare theorems, and an important benchmark for economic theory. The radical abstractions of this idea, however, make its full implications hard to grasp. I address this...

We investigate how price ceilings and floors affect outcomes in continuous time, double auction markets with discrete goods and multiple qualities. When price controls exist, the existence of competitive equilibria (the solution concept of classical market theory) is no longer guaranteed; hence, we...

The smartphone apps have revolutionized the markets of goods and services more than other recent technologies. Although they modified the market paradigm in sectors like accommodation, transport, or "gigs", the changes in the way the economics systems function are still widely neglected by the...

This paper develops a dynamic model of competitive equilibrium in electricity markets with thermal, hydro and intermittent power sources. Thermal generators have positive and increasing costs and use a marketable input. Hydro generators use a free and uncertain input, but one that is storable....

Competition reduces prices. But, what is not commonly known is that competition also promotes more products in the same category, leading to a diversity of makes and models that could only benefit the consumer. At the theoretical level, a perfectly competitive market creates the space for...

This paper develops a new model with heterogeneous firms under perfect competition in a Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson setting. We show that trade need not make selection in the comparative advantage sector stricter as suggested by earlier work. Selection is driven by the capital intensity in entry...

Welfare with the maximum-revenue tariff is compared to free-trade welfare under perfect competition in the case of a large country able to affect its terms of trade; under Cournot duopoly with differentiated products; and under Bertrand duopoly with differentiated products. Under perfect...

We study the existence and uniqueness of equilibria for perfectly competitive markets in capacitated transport networks. The model under consideration is rather general so that it captures basic aspects of related models in, e.g., gas or electricity networks. We formulate the market equilibrium...

We study competitiveness of financial markets in a one-period model, in which traders speculate on private information and hedge endowment shocks. Developing and fully characterizing a new measure of market competitiveness, we find that market becomes perfectly competitive if and only if the...

Welfare with the maximum-revenue tariff is compared to free-trade welfare under perfect competition in the case of a large country able to affect its terms of trade; under Cournot duopoly with differentiated products; and under Bertrand duopoly with differentiated products. Under perfect...