Patent data have been widely used in research on technological innovation to characterize firms' locations as well as the proximities among firms in knowledge space. Researchers could measure proximity among firms with a variety of measures based on patent class data, including Euclidean...

Technological developments are combining previously distinct technologies resulting in converging markets. In converging markets, firms from different industries compete against each other, often for the first time. We propose that firms introducing new products in converging markets will learn...

In den letzten Jahren hat das von Bower begründete und von Burgelman substantiell erweiterte Modell über den innerorganisatorischen Ressourcenzuteilungsprozess eine umfangreiche Bestätigung als auch Erweiterung erfahren, insbesondere durch Forschungsarbeiten im Zusammenhang mit...

This paper examines the amateur camera industry between 1955 and 1974. The case raises important issues for our understanding of the product lifecycle. First, an industry can experience more than one round of radical product and process innovation in its history. Second, there is not a strict...

Whether private parties and NGOs should participate in the WTO system has recently become one of the most contentious issues in trade law and policy. However, this debate proceeds from the implicit - but mistaken - assumption that these entities currently do not participate in the system. While,...

Patent data have been widely used in research on technological innovation to characterize firms' locations as well as the proximities among firms in knowledge space. Researchers could measure proximity among firms with a variety of measures based on patent class data, including Euclidean...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand how Agfa, a division of IG Farben and Germany's leading producer of photographic equipment, adapted its marketing strategy to the new political environment created by the Nazi regime. This was a time when many consumer goods manufacturers...

"Instant photography at the push of a button!" During the 1960s and '70s, Polaroid was the coolest technology company on earth. Like Apple, it was an innovation machine that cranked out one must-have product after another. Led by its own visionary genius founder, Edwin Land, Polaroid grew from a...

With the referral of the Kodak-Fuji market access dispute to the World Trade Organization, the role of retail distribution channel control by incumbent firms as a barrier to imports has drawn much interest. This paper reviews the issues from an historical perspective and analyzes the...

This article analyzes the duopolistic competition of Fujifilm and Kodak according to the product life cycle and "game theoretic" excange-of-hostage hypothesis of international trade and investment. It shows how each firm used its home-team and first-mover advantages to compete with the other. It...