The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a cornerstone policy of the European Union, increasingly focused on promoting environmentally sustainable practices. In 2014, the CAP introduced Greening payments and a crop diversification requirement to enhance soil resilience and mitigate ecosystem...

In this paper, we address a gap in the literature concerning pollination management, the pollinator deficit, and conservation objectives. By employing a farm level survey of UK farmers, we examine farmers' attitudes, understanding and management of pollinators. Based on descriptive statistics...

A CPVR is an IP right that grants an exclusive right in relation to a plant variety, provided that the latter complies with the legal requirements for protection provided by Council Regulation 2100/1994 (the "Basic Regulation") and the Regulation (EU) 2021/1873 of the European Parliament and of...

Although agriculture is often considered vulnerable to climate change, recent gridded crop growth modelling intercomparison exercises have found that staple crop yields will be modestly affected by global warming. However, those crop growth models also do not fully reflect impacts of increasing...

Moscona & Sastry (2023, Quarterly Journal of Economics) - henceforth MS23 - find that cropland values are significantly less damaged by extreme heat exposure (EHE) when crops are more exposed to technological innovation. However, MS23's 'innovation exposure' variable does not measure innovation,...

The current study sought to assess the effect of smallholder crop commercialization on household nutrition security and poverty status. Recent government efforts have gone beyond investing in agricultural production, thereby establishing markets for smallholder farmers in order to commercialize...

Biodiversity contributes to the provision of numerous ecosystem services. Several studies have econometrically measured the impact of crop biodiversity using observational data to assess the "productive value" of biodiversity for agriculture. We propose the first meta-analysis of this...

Previous literature has mostly used crop diversification indices to quantify the extent of crop diversification used by farmers. Indices are useful in assessing the number and proportion of crops in a farmer's portfolio. However, they often overlook the heterogeneity of the crops in their...

The study explains in particular the different forms of legal protection required by international IPR agreements, including the system of plant breeders' rights in the 1978 and 1991 UPOV Acts, the choice between patent and sui generis protection created by article 27.3(b) of the TRIPs Agreement...

An influential explanation for global productivity differences is that frontier technologies are adapted to the high-income countries that develop them and "inappropriate" elsewhere. We study this hypothesis in agriculture using data on novel plant varieties, patents, output, and the global...

We study the influence of agricultural labor intensity on individualism across U.S. counties. To measure historical labor intensity in agriculture we combine data on crop-specific labor requirements and county-specific crop mix around 1900. To address endogeneity we exploit climate-induced...

Soil extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry, the ratio of soil enzyme activities related to the acquisition of nutrients such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), which can reflect the demand for resources by microorganisms. However, how cover crop and chemical fertilizer shift...

A 7-year multisite field experiment was performed to assess the relative importance of climate, soil, and microbial properties in crop production in a wheat cropping system under contrasting fertilization management (i.e., continuous organic vs. chemical fertilization). The results showed that...

We use individual-level data on all security trades, holdings, spending, and income from an online retail bank. We study the effects of an exogenous change in the displayed purchase prices of the mutual funds in individuals’ portfolios. We find that individuals are more likely to sell what we...

Against the background of the goals of the European Green Deal to reduce the use of pesticides by 50% and fertilizers by 20% by 2030, the current analysis aims to: (1) identify key economic, institutional, and legislative levers that can play an important role in the agricultural specialization...

US crops face higher losses as growing season temperatures rise and destructive disasters become commonplace. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) easement programs offer an adaptation strategy to improve agricultural resilience. Easements impact agricultural production directly by...

Common resources may be managed with inefficient policies for the sake of equity. We study how rationing the commons shapes the efficiency and equity of resource use, in the context of agricultural groundwater use in Rajasthan, India. We find that rationing binds on input use, such that farmers,...

This study aimed to estimate the Technical Efficiency (TE) of youth crop farmers in Njombe Region of Tanzania, and analyze the determinants of technical inefficiency for crops produced. Data were collected from 572 youths in 16 villages of Njombe Region by using a random sampling technique. The...

Reliable and comprehensive national agricultural statistics are crucial not only for agricultural development but general economic transformation. While data collected via the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) provides Ghana with this avenue, the reports from this data generated by the...