One of the main challenges during the development of operating strategies for modern diesel engines is the reduction of the CO₂ emissions, while complying with ever more stringent limits for the pollutant emissions. The inherent trade-off between the emissions of CO₂ and pollutants renders a...

Harbors are coastal areas with significant anthropogenic pollutant loads causing ecological and human health risk. Seabed sediments have the potential to act as final trap of any contaminant introduced in the seawater column. Environmental quality improvement and decision making process...

We estimate a negative binomial model with fixed effects to examine the impact of spatial differences in environmental regulation on manufacturing capital flows. Using a newly available data set, we find that stricter air quality standards with respect to ozone deter births of polluting plants,...

The deterioration of the environment is caused by the existence of large urban agglomeration whose main problem is that these are areas where are converging progressive forces which ensure the development of the society on the one hand, as well phenomenon which emphasizes the degradation of the...

Recent surge in crude oil price, finite fossil oil resources, and environmental issues all have aroused grave concerns. The world in 2012 consumed up to 12,476.6 million tons oil equivalent and 87% of this energy came from fossil sources. Malaysia has encountered an increase in energy demand...

In the pure ethnic and economic logic of the development, like it was in general create till not long ago, the environment medium and the natural resources have been considered simple instruments which served to the economic increase. The negligence of the cost of the degrade and the damage...

Nowadays, energy consumption is rising rapidly due to industrialization and progress in the standards of living. Fossil fuel such as natural gas, petroleum and coal which are mentioned as the most important energy sources in the world are depleted day by day and these non-renewable resources...

In recent decades, the energy crisis and environmental issues have become a crucial problem. The rapid industrialization has lead humankind to deplete the fossil fuels and consequently the pollutant emissions have increased in the world. Many investigations have been done to find an alternative...

This report documents the most recent emissions and projections information requested under the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) by the end of 2010. The directive requires all 27 Member States of the European Union to report information annually concerning emissions and projections...

This report documents the most recent emissions and projections information requested under the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) by the end of 2009. The directive requires all 27 Member States of the European Union to report information annually concerning emissions and projections...

This report presents the most recent information provided under the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) (1). The directive requires all 27 Member States of the European Union to report information annually concerning emissions and projections for four main air pollutants: sulphur...

This paper examines the relative merits of two dominant economic instruments for reducing pollution—”green” taxes and tradable permits. Theoretically, the two instruments share many similarities, and on balance, neither seems preferable to the other. In practice, however, most countries...

The National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) sets pollutant-specific emission ceilings for each country to be met by 2010. It also lays down the requirements for the Member States of the European Union to compile and report their national inventories, projections and programmes. As part of...

This report reviews the state and application of substance flow analysis (SFA) methodology in selected European Environment Agency (EEA) member countries. The objective is to explore if and how the existing practices could serve as a methodological framework for a macro-level, Europe-wide...

The National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) sets pollutant-specific emission ceilings for each country to be met by 2010. It also lays down the requirements for the Member States of the European Union to compile and report their national inventories, projections and programmes. As part of...

In this chapter, Kathleen Day and R. Quentin Grafton explore the relationship between the economy and the environment. One approach sees economic growth leading to environmental degradation by imposing stresses on limited natural resources and ecosystems and by increasing emissions of...