This paper examines whether monetary policy shocks affect CO₂ emissions over time in Brazil. We show that CO₂ emissions decline persistently following contractionary monetary policy shocks. The relationship between monetary policy and CO₂ emissions in Brazil is assessed through two...

We show that particulate matter pollution is lower in advanced economies where political parties favor homeownership. We rationalize this with a simple model featuring a polluting industry and owner-occupiers who push to restrict undesirable land uses. Pollution declines when homeowners have...

Although the environmental impact of trade has been a long-standing concern, there is still only scant evidence on the channels through which international market access affects pollution. In this paper, we exploit the unique episode of China’s world market integration in the early 2000s to...

We study the environmental impact of artificial intelligence (AI) using a novel dataset that links measures of AI penetration, the location of data centers and power plants, and CO2 emissions across US commuting zones between 2002 and 2022. Our analysis yields four main findings. First,...

We provide a theoretical micro foundation for how much pollution (negative externalities) a firm will internalize based on the ownership distribution of its shareholders. Small shareholders, compared to large ones, want the firm to spend more on avoiding pollution since they suffer less profit...

We investigate how fuel taxation reduces climate and pollution externalities by evaluating the world’s largest environmental tax reform. Using spatially detailed emissions data from more than 1,000 European regions in a synthetic difference-in-differences framework, we evaluate the impact of...

We provide causal evidence from a developing country context that children exposed to lead at a young age exhibit worse cognitive outcomes. We exploit variation in exposure to leadcontaminated toxic sites in Indonesia and estimate a two-way fixed effects model using variation in age at first...

Objective: The objective is to examine how signals about the environmental pollution of a Small and Medium-sized Enterprise affect its perceived attractiveness as an employer, and whether higher pay can offset the negative effect of such signals. Research Design & Methods: To test our...

The work-from-home (WFH) revolution is reshaping economic activities and location choices with potentially important implications for environmental pollution. We use a quantitative spatial model calibrated to the German economy to assess the effects of increasing WFH from pre- to post-pandemic...

We study the effect of energy and transport policies on pollution in two developing country cities. We use a quantitative equilibrium model with choice of housing, energy use, residential location, transport mode, and energy technology. Pollution comes from commuting and residential energy use....

Environmental research related to military activities and warfare is sparse and fragmented by discipline. Although achieving military objectives will likely continue to trump any concerns related to the environment during active conflict, military training during peacetime has environmental...

We study the effect of energy and transport policies on pollution in two developing country cities. We use a quantitative equilibrium model with choice of housing, energy use, residential location, transport mode, and energy technology. Pollution comes from commuting and residential energy use....

Background Large vessels that call at European ports will have to pay for their CO2 emissions from transporting cargo that enters or goes from a European port since January 2024. The costs will increase with increasing global trade. This results in a higher pollution level, including greenhouse...

The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) leads to higher electricity prices and thus higher costs for electricity-intensive industries in the EU, reducing their competitiveness compared to those in non-EU countries. This disparity may result in carbon leakage, where production shifts abroad,...

This study investigates the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), institutional quality, industrialization, and carbon emissions across 48 high-income and 37 upper-middle-income countries for the years 2002 to 2022 by employing panel quantile regression analysis using R software....

The potential of digital trade (DTE) and energy justice (EJ) to support environmental quality requires in-depth exploration because the environmental gains of DTE can be compromised in economies where EJ is not ensured. This study explores the environmental effects of DTE and EJ on ecological...

This study investigates the moderating role of government effectiveness in the relationship between urbanization, renewable energy adoption, and environmental efficiency in South Asia over the period 1996-2023. Using a dynamic panel life-cycle framework and advanced long-run estimators (FMOLS,...

Background: Although mega-dams play a significant role in development, providing electricity, irrigation, and flood control, perceptions of their contribution remain mixed, particularly regarding the environmental impacts. Methods: This study jointly determines perceived favorable and adverse...

Interest in organic food has grown steadily, driven by its health and environmental benefits and concerns about conventional production. Yet organic rice remains largely overlooked, while imported, low-cost inorganic rice dominates the market. This study addresses that gap by extending the...

Air pollution is a major externality whose consequences extend beyond health and productivity. This paper shows that short-run pollution shocks also reduce democratic participation. We combine official, municipality-level election results from 32 national, European, regional, and municipal...