We address two main structural changes occurring in developed countries: the rise of automation and population ageing. We use an R&D-based growth model in an OLG framework with endogenous education and fertility, and automation in the production process. Our model is able to combine the growth...

Fertility rates are declining in many countries. But are fertility rates inefficiently low? This paper addresses this question by exploring the efficiency properties of equilibria in an overlapping generations setting with endogenous fertility and dynastic parental altruism, using the notion of...

The food-population ratio has two determinants: population and agricultural production. The population is constantly growing, putting pressure on existing resources, which are becoming insufficient. Globally, agricultural production has grown at the same rate as population growth, but at...

The population literature in theoretical economics has long focused on attempts to avoid the repugnant conclusion. We advance the literature by proving that no social ordering in population economics can escape the repugnant conclusion in all instances. As we show, prior results depend on a...

Population and economic growth commonly entails to the study of the costs of population trends on human welfare, socio-economic development, and the natural environment. Though there is a long ritual of scholarship on the costs of population trends, starting with Malthus to modern researchers....

Asia is aging, although there is significant heterogeneity across subregions and economies. Population aging poses two strategic challenges for the region: sustaining economic growth and delivering old-age economic security. In this paper, we leverage the lifecycle perspective-that individuals'...

This article studies socially optimal allocations, from the point of view of a benevolent social planner, in environments characterized by fixed resources, endogenous fertility, and full information. Individuals in our environment are fully rational and altruistic toward their descendants. Our...

This paper studies the relationship between population size and the rate of time preference (RTP) in pre-capitalist subsistence agricultural communities. The RTP is reflected in the community´s propensity to invest in and maintain new arable land that may be considered as an inherent...

Population Economics (PopEc) covers a number of topics in Economics, as well as in Demography, Labor Studies, Sociology, etc. For example, the economic determinants of population change and demographic behavior covers topics such as household formation, marriage and divorce, fertility, gender,...

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Can Deregulating the Legal Industry: Significantly Benefit American Society? -- Chapter 3: Is Deregulating the Medical Profession Just What the Doctor Ordered? -- Chapter 4: Balancing Flexibility and Integrity: Reforming Licensing in Accounting and Financial...

1. Introduction -- 2. The Individual -- 3. The State -- 4. Population -- 5. The Enquirer -- 6. The Continuing Debate -- 7. Malthus’ Essay -- 8. Godwin’s Thoughts -- 9. Of Population -- 10. The Westminster Review. 11. Conclusion.

Carrying Capacity: Theory And Research Methods -- Calculation and Analysis of Population Carrying Capacity of China’s Regional Resources, Environment, and Economy -- Carrying Capacity and China’s Regional Functional Planning -- Carrying Capacity and China’s Urban-rural Coordination -- Some...

-- Chapter One Introduction. -- Chapter Two The Evolution of the Labor Market: A Review of Theoretical and Empirical Studies on Segmentation and Integration. -- Chapter Three The Evolution of China’s Labor Market from Segmentation to Integration: An Outline and the Reality. -- Chapter Four A...

A dynamic model of the demographic structure of Japan is summarized. It is capable of tracing the dynamic development of the Japanese population, including the distribution of families by age, sex, and marital status of the head, as well as by the number and age of children and other dependents....

One of the economic benefits of immigration is that the diversity of the population is enhanced. Diversity, it is argued, enriches the environment in which individuals live and trade and may contribute to greater creativity. What does diversity mean? Do current immigration policies enhance...

Two recently improved sets of cross-country panel data are combined in orderto re-examine the effects of population growth and fertility on economicgrowth. Using a 107 country panel data set covering 1960-85, we find thathigh birth rates appear to reduce economic growth through investment...

The currently observed demographic change consists of two independent developments that differ in structure and persistence: (1) A slow, monotonic and (presumably) permanent ageing effect caused by an increasing life expectancy; (2) a more rapidly changing, non-monotonic and less permanent...

Economists have reported econometric results that rely on estimates of the population of every country in the world for the past two thousand or more years. The underlying source is usually McEvedy and Jones’ Atlas of World Population History, published in 1978. The McEvedy and Jones data have...

Purpose: The link between population growth and economic growth has been becoming of most significant interest for researchers. However, there is no consensus among economists and researchers about the interaction between population and economic growth. Using time-series data spanning from the...

In order to help in designing an accurate pension reform, we determine the resource allocation in an endogenous fertility model that generates an endogenous demographic transition by means of distinguishing between female and male labor. We analyze the problem of the optimal solution and...

We propose an overlapping generations framework in which life expectancyis determined endogenously by governmental health investments. As a novelty, we are able to examine the feedback effects between life expectancy and R&D-driven economic growth for the transitional dynamics. We find that i)...

Economists have reported econometric results that rely on estimates of the population of every country in the world for the past two thousand or more years. The underlying source is usually McEvedy and Jones' Atlas of World Population History, published in 1978. The McEvedy and Jones data have...

This study compares alternative designs of an unfunded pension system. Convex combinations between a fixed contribution rate and a fixed benefit rate are considered. The objective is to maximize the expected ex-ante welfare under stochastic fertility. The model is a three-period CGE framework...

This paper revisits the debate about the appropriate differential equation that governs the evolution of knowledge in models of endogenous growth. We argue that the assessment of the appropriateness of an equation of motion should not only be based on its implications for the future, but that it...

This study uses Fehr, Jokisch, and Kotlikoff's (2004a) dynamic general equilibrium model to analyze the effects of changes in fertility and mortality on the developed world's demographic transition. The model features three regions - the U.S., Japan, and the EU-15 - and incorporates age- and...

In a model on population and endogenous technological change, Kremer combines a short-run Malthusian scenario where income determines the population that can be sustained, with the Boserupian insight that greater population spurs technological change and can therefore lift a country out of its...

In this paper we model an OLG-economy where labour supply is endogenously determined and where we assume that there are two pension systems, namely, a pay-as-you-go system and a funded system. The main question is whether there is an equilibrium involving an old-age pensions system, partly...

This paper presents a microfounded theory of long-term development. We model the interplay between economic variables, namely the process of human capital formation and technological progress, and the biological constraint of finite lifetime expectancy. All these processes affect each other and...

The costs of population ageing are primarily reflected in larger expenditures on pensions and health care. This paper explores the consequences of ageing for the Netherlands in a baseline scenario simulated with a dynamic general equilibrium model. We discuss the sensitivity of the results under...

This paper provides some results from a model built in order to study the linked impacts of demography and economy on the French pension scheme. The demo-economic model which is used is a neo-cambridgian model with two types of agents in a closed economy. Since it includes a very thin...

This open access book explores the role of family, public, market and third sector welfare provision for individual and households’ decisions regarding geographical mobility. It challenges the state-centred approach in research on welfare and migration by emphasising migrants’ own...

This open access book discusses how, and to what extent, the legal and institutional regimes and the socio-cultural environments of a range of European countries (the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Switzerland and the UK), in the framework of EU laws and policies, have a...