Russia's Maternity Capital program, launched in 2007, is a key policy with an obvious pronatalist focus aimed at countering the country's long-term depopulation trend by encouraging families to have more children. Initially, providing financial incentives for second and subsequent births. The...

This study aims to highlight the changes in fertility patterns of Russians which occurred after the USSR's dissolution or disintegration, taking a long historical perspective. After that disruption, thirty cohorts were born and raised who never lived under the Soviet system. Fifteen more cohorts...

In the postwar period, when fertility dropped substantially, immigration more than made up for the drop in population growth, and from 1950 to 2020, population increased by 73%, double the European rate, in a country with population density already among the highest in Europe. Yet, there never...

We examine whether women exposed to China's one-child policy (OCP) change their fertility decisions when they migrate to a country without fertility restrictions. Using American Community Survey data (2010 2020), we compare the childbearing decisions of Chinese-born women with varying degrees of...

The Chinese government implemented the universal two-child policy on January 1, 2016 to arrest the decline in the nation's birthrate and address the challenge of a rapidly aging population. We find that this policy significantly increased the possibility of having children and this effect was...

Margaret Sanger established the first birth control clinic in New York in 1916. From the mid-1920s, "Sanger clinics" spread over the entire U.S. Combining newly digitized data on the roll-out of these clinics, full-count Census data, and administrative vital statistics, we find that birth...

Margaret Sanger established the first birth control clinic in New York in 1916. From the mid-1920s, "Sanger clinics" spread over the entire U.S. Combining newly digitized data on the roll-out of these clinics, full-count Census data, and administrative vital statistics, we find that birth...

We examine whether women exposed to China's one-child policy (OCP) change their fertility decisions when they migrate to a country without fertility restrictions. Using American Community Survey data (2010-2020), we compare the childbearing decisions of Chinese-born women with varying degrees of...

The impact of US allocation of family planning aid on other donors is studied to gain new insights into donor interactions. Within this context, the dominant player in the sector is the United States, whose policies on family planning undergo changes influenced by domestic debates surrounding...

We investigate whether immigration induced fear sentiments affect the investment decisions of institutional investors. Using a text-based measure of immigration fear and data from four developed economies, we show that higher immigration fear sentiments trigger institutional investors to divest...

Rapid population growth in Nigeria has been accompanied by poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, low productivity, inflation, etc. With the average annual economic growth rate of 1.5 per cent over the years, there is discernible disproportion between economic growth and population in Nigeria....

China's birth control in the late 20th century remains one of the most controversial social experiments in history, with profound and persistent impacts. This paper unmasks the underlying incentives for various population policies and their enforcement across time and space. I undertake a batter...

China is undergoing a particularly fast demographic transition. Accelerated through decades of political restrictions on family planning, the median age is rising and there is a growing share of retirees, while labour force potential is declining. Faced with dire consequences for both economic...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the full opportunity cost of population policies by contrasting standard models of optimal population, which consider individuals to be homogeneous laborers, with a view that considers individuals’ capacity for entrepreneurship. This paper therefore...

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: A Concentrated Demographic Transition -- Chapter 3: China’s Dual Transition: Income Growth & Transitioning Demographics -- Chapter 4: Connecting the Effectiveness & Ineffectiveness of the Two-Child Policies -- Chapter 5: Conclusion.

This paper investigates how fertility responds to changes in the price of a marginal child and in household income. We construct a large, individual-level panel data set of married Israeli women during the period 1999-2005 that contains fertility histories and detailed controls. We exploit...

This paper examines the early effects of dismantling the one-child (fertility) policy, which China relaxed in 2013 and eliminated prior to 2017. Birth rates, female labor force participation, and saving behavior have already changed. Between 2015 and 2017, the proportion of households with...

As an economy with a population of 23 million, Taipei,China is enjoying the demographic dividend of economic growth resulting from a shift in the population age structure, but an increasingly aged population could be bad for the economy. As an international comparison, its population is aging...

This study assesses the economic implications of China's changing population in the 21st century using a numerical general equilibrium model. The simulations show that lower fertility rates yield lower saving rates. Since lower fertility rates reduce the future supply of labor, capital will...