The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of domestic and external debt on macroeconomic variables in Nigeria from 1981 to 2020. Annual secondary data on domestic and external debt, inflation, output, investment and consumption sourced from World Development Indicators (WDI, 2021),...

We use narrative monetary policy shocks and local projections to estimate the impact of monetary policy on consumption and investment. We use granular data to investigate how the response varies across consumption categories, investment types, and sectors. Our findings indicate that both...

We show how tax kinks can be used to estimate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC). Tax kinks create discrete changes in the relationship between taxable income and disposable income, which - under a set of testable assumptions - enables causal identification of the spending response to...

Household heterogeneity has been shown to be an important driver of aggregate demand. In this research, we demonstrate that it also impacts the supply side. We build a model in which heterogeneous households vary in their extent to which they supply production factors (labor and capital). Our...

We show how tax kinks can be used to estimate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC). Tax kinks create discrete changes in the relationship between taxable income and disposable income, which – under a set of testable assumptions – enables causal identification of the spending response to...

Mozambique is highly vulnerable to climate change. It faces frequent cyclones, floods, and droughts while having limited revenue collection capacity and social protection programmes. This paper assesses the distributional effects of climate shocks on household consumption and explores adaptation...

Aggregate consumption typically exceeds 60 per cent of GDP and should be pivotal in central bank policy models. Most use semi-structural macro-models, yet consumption is usually inadequately specified. We use a systems approach to estimate new equations for South African consumption, house...

We document a significant effect of visible inequality on household spending in the United States from 2010 to 2018, but we do not find a comparable effect before the Great Recession. Our proposed definition of visible inequality refers to differences across households in their expenditures on...

Research Objective: This study aims to examine the impact of religious-based family management (RBFM) on absolute poverty through two main factors: short-term vision and uncontrolled consumption among low-income families. Research Methods and Approach: This study analyzed 172 respondents...

We study consumption and welfare inequality by analyzing how households allocate resources - market expenditures and the value of time - to the production of activities. The share of resources allocated to an activity rises or falls with wages, classifying them into luxuries or necessities,...

We analyze the importance of the educated class for the persistence of mass consumption societies in an economy with a hierarchy of needs.Through the demand for managerial talent (which is needed to operate advanced industrial technologies), the latter generate their own demand for skills. In...

We analyze the effect of adverse health shocks on households' expenditure shares in different good categories using a fixed-effects approach and a structural approach based on microeconomic theory. We find that, on average, households substitute health and food expenditure in response to adverse...

Large-scale debt forbearance is a key policy tool during crises, yet targeting is challenging due to information asymmetries. Using transaction-level data from a Portuguese bank during COVID-19, we find that financially fragile households are more likely to enter forbearance, irrespective of...

Using disaggregated US household expenditure data, we study the distributional consequences of the US-China trade war. We estimate a highly flexible demand system to compute household-specific price indexes. The increases in US tariffs on Chinese products between 2018 and 2019 led to an average...

Earnings uncertainty is central to most heterogeneous-household models. Yet, there is surprisingly little evidence on how subjective uncertainty is related to consumption behavior. Using unique data from the Survey of Consumer Expectations, we show that the marginal propensity to consume (MPC)...

Low-carbon energy transition, which includes the replacement of fossil fuels with low-carbon energy infrastructure, the removal of subsidies, and other measures, requires households to be able to pay for low-carbon energy services. Economic shocks such as the coronavirus disease pandemic and...

The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between tourist attitudes towards waste generation in Slovakia and their corresponding behaviours. With an increasing emphasis on environmental responsibility, understanding the behaviours and beliefs of tourists concerning waste...

Background Out-of-pocket payment remains one of the ways to finance health care in Ethiopia accounting 31%. These out-of-pocket health expense leads citizens' face catastrophic and impoverishing expenditure. The most recent survey-based study of catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditure...

Earnings uncertainty is central to most heterogeneous-household models. Yet, there is surprisingly little evidence on how subjective uncertainty is related to consumption behavior. Using unique data from the Survey of Consumer Expectations, we show that the marginal propensity to consume (MPC)...

Meat consumption has come under scrutiny due to its significant ecological footprint. Understanding the determinants of meat consumption is crucial for designing effective interventions to promote sustainable diets. Thus, using results from the representative survey conducted in Latvia, in 2023...