This study aims to explore the relationship between macroeconomic factors and the decision to file an anti-dumping (AD) initiation, focusing on the post-WTO period from 1995 to 2022 for both reporting and targeted countries. We analyze the 20 most frequent users of the AD mechanism and the 20...

The aim of this study was to comprehensively examine the impact of trade agreements and international markets on the development of the agricultural sector, in particular on the case of Albania and Austria. The study aimed to identify the mechanisms through which trade agreements stimulate...

In this paper, we investigate the scale of the drop in American imports after it imposed punitive tariffs on Chinese goods. Our analysis spans the whole period of Donald Trump's presidency (January 2017 - January 2021). In contrast to existing studies, which are mainly devoted to the impact of...

The relationship between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and governments has evolved over time, from a period of conflict after World War II to a more cooperative relationship in the 1970s and 1980s (Dunning, 1993). In the 1990s, many host governments sought foreign direct investments (FDIs) by...

This paper presents a new measure of aggregate trade restrictions (MATR) using data from the International Monetary Fund's Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. MATR is strongly correlated with existing measures of trade restrictiveness but is more comprehensive in...

War of attrition. President Trump's promises of a quick end to the war are unlikely to come true. German and European policy must shift from providing temporary protection to supporting a productive return to support the Ukrainian economy. At present many Ukrainian refugees still require...

Geographical indications (GIs) confer intellectual property rights on product names whose unique qualities are intrinsically linked to their place of production. These indications identify goods as originating from a specific country, region, or locality, where a given quality, reputation, or...

Gauntlet, a Greek SME with over 15 years of experience in Central America, specializes in hygiene products like disposable gloves for the healthcare industry, with a solid presence in countries such as Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Paraguay, expanded into Brazil in 2016, initially focusing on their...

Gauntlet, a Greek SME with over 15 years of experience in Central America, specializes in hygiene products like disposable gloves for the healthcare industry, with a solid presence in countries such as Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Paraguay, expanded into Brazil in 2016, initially focusing on their...

The decline in international trade following the financial crisis suggests a shift in globalisation and a transformation of the international economic order. Protectionist trade policies have gained prominence as certain major economies increasingly implement tariffs to safeguard domestic...

This report explores the case for introducing innovative insurance products for businesses within the tourism industry that leverage and conserve coastal and marine ecosystems. It presents an overview of the insurance market in the Caribbean, an analysis of the potential of insurance products to...

This paper examines the impact of safeguard import tariffs on market diversity in Ecuador from 2015 to 2017. Using firm-level data, we estimate the effects of tariffs on revenue and market shares in the Manufacturing and Wholesale & Retail (W&R) sectors with a Quantile Treatment Effect on the...

In retaliating against Trump’s March 2025 imposition of import tariffs on EU aluminum and steel, the EU’s response should be twofold: one, at the EU level, to apply retaliatory tariffs and negotiations, and two, to support country-level efforts to minimize the impact of tariffs, including...

How do import tariffs affect employment? We develop an empirical strategy to identify the effects of tariffs using difference-in-differences, comparing anti-dumping (AD) investigations resulting in dumping tariffs to those not resulting in dumping tariffs. We find that an AD tariff decreases...

This paper examines how EU Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs) reshape firms’ global supply chains, extending Grossman et al. (2024) to incorporate adaptation costs between sourcing partners. To test the model’s predictions, we construct a novel dataset linking EU TBTs to French firm-level...

Explaining President Trump's "Liberation-day" tariffs on April 2nd, 2025, Stephen Miran, President Trump's chairman of the council of economic advisors suggested that countries accept the U.S. tariffs without retaliation to come to a fair "burden sharing"(Miran: 2025). History shows that this...

• Using the KITE model suite, we study the economic costs of the Trump tariff policy for Europe, and analyze the potential for trade diversion from China. • If the current tariff regime stays in place, trade between the U.S. and China would fall dramatically, hurting mainly the U.S. and the...

During the first half of the twentieth century, many US states enacted laws restricting women's labor market opportunities, including maximum hours restrictions, minimum wage laws, and night-shift bans. The era of so-called protective labor laws came to an end in the 1960s as a result of civil...

Using Chinese firm-level trade data combined with global anti-dumping (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) investigations, we uncover a hidden cost of industrial policy under WTO agreements. At every stage of AD/CVD investigations, industrial subsidies significantly raise the probability of...

Investigating the trajectories of economic nationalisms in Cold War Europe, this open access book explores the scope and limits of small (nation-)state actors pursuing and defending national economic interests in a globalizing world. In so doing, it contributes a new perspective in the economic...

Trump's renewed tariffs on traditional allies-including the EU, Canada, Mexico, and Brazil-signal a return to aggressive protectionism, openly disregarding WTO rules and threatening the stability of the global trade system. The authors argue that unilateral retaliation by individual countries is...

This paper examines the impact of US protectionist trade policies on the euro area economy, focusing on macroeconomic and financial repercussions. While direct tariff effects are mitigated by exchange rate adjustments and ECB policies, broader risks arise from global trade disruptions and...

This paper examines the impact of US protectionist trade policies on the euro area economy, focusing on macroeconomic and financial repercussions. While direct tariff effects are mitigated by exchange rate adjustments and ECB policies, broader risks arise from global trade disruptions and...

The smallest of decisions one makes is based on some information. Information such as facts and figures, invoices, customer feedbacks, etc. gathered throughout a business's operations is what makes up data.Data in its raw form is useless unless it is managed. The process of gathering, arranging,...

The smallest of decisions one makes is based on some information. Information such as facts and figures, invoices, customer feedbacks, etc. gathered throughout a business's operations is what makes up data.Data in its raw form is useless unless it is managed. The process of gathering, arranging,...