Ordoliberalism and Keynesianism are not exactly known to fit hand in glove. Accordingly, the German economists Walter Eucken, head of the Freiburg school, and Wilhelm Röpke, from his Istanbul and Geneva exiles, were in near perfect agreement in their opposition to the interventionist "full...

Ordoliberalism and Keynesianism are not exactly known to fit hand in glove. Accordingly, the German economists Walter Eucken, head of the Freiburg school, and Wilhelm Röpke, from his Istanbul and Geneva exiles, were in near perfect agreement in their opposition to the interventionist "full...

This chapter critically examines the development of the fine and asset forfeiture measures in both the constituent instruments and case law of international(ised) criminal tribunals since Nuremberg. The chapter demonstrates that such procedures have been underutilised in practice, even though...

This article critically analyses the reparations and asset forfeiture framework at the Extraordinary African Chambers and its application in the case against Hissène Habré. It identifies obstacles to implementing the reparations awarded and calls for states and international organizations to...

The article takes the renewed demands of the Polish government as an opportunity to examine the question of whether Germany is obliged to pay reparations to Poland. Based on an analysis of the international agreements concluded since 1945, it can be shown that the Polish government’s demands...

Centuries of enslavement and discrimination make it easy to make a case that Blacks deserve reparations. This essay explores whether compensating Blacks for the racism they experienced is politically possible or good public policy. Survey data indicate that building political support for...

Historians of African-America have long noted the exclusion of domestic and agricultural workers from the early years of Social Security, which denied benefits to disproportionately Black workers. Archives of the Social Security Administration and period ethnographies attribute this exclusion to...

This paper conducts comprehensive analyses to estimate the overall reparation for 246 years of slavery with over 9.79 million slaves and over 410,403 million labor hours of slavery. We separated the overall reparation between the United States and the United Kingdom since the origin of slavery...

The Economic Consequences of the Peace was first published in 1919, and since then, changed the economic discourse surrounding reparations and Carthaginian peace. This paper specifies how three elements hinted at in the introduction of the Economic Consequences of the Peace - social classes,...

This Article addresses a critical, trillion-dollar question: how do we pay for the reconstruction of Ukraine? The nation has been devastated by Russia’s brutal, unlawful war. Its economy is in shambles, nearing a sovereign debt default and facing rebuilding costs of at least $750 billion. The...

War victims of Bangladesh suffered unimaginable victimization and hideous harm during liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971. The International Crimes Tribunal, Bangladesh (hereinafter, ICT-BD) is a national Tribunal for prosecution of international crimes. Regrettably, unlike International...

The Economic Consequences of the Peace was first published in 1919, and since then, changed the economic discourse surrounding reparations and Carthaginian peace. This paper specifies how three elements hinted at in the introduction of the Economic Consequences of the Peace - social classes,...

Fiscal deficits, elevated debt-to-GDP ratios, and high inflation rates suggest hyperinflation could have potentially emerged in many European countries after World War I. We demonstrate that economic policy uncertainty was instrumental in pushing a subset of European countries into...

War reparations have been large and small, repaid and defaulted on, but the consequences have almost always been significant. Ever since Keynes made his case against German reparations in The Economic Consequences of the Peace, the effects of transfer payments have been hotly debated. When...

"In his timely historical work The Stolen Wealth of Slavery, Emmy Award-nominated journalist David Montero follows the trail of the massive wealth amassed from the transatlantic slave trade by Northern corporations in America. It has long been maintained by many that the North wasn't complicit...

We offer a child-centric framework for reparations with considerations for policy and implications for child descendants of enslaved African Americans. We apply economic theory of human capital integrated with the theories of bioecological developmental systems to illustrate the multilayered...

John Maynard Keynes became world famous with the publication of The Economic Consequences of the Peace in 1919, a harsh critique of the Versailles peace treaty. As a consequence, Keynes was nominated by German professors in economics for the Nobel Peace Prize three years in a row, 1922, 1923 and...

As we progress into the 21st century, the human race is driving planet Earth towards ecosystem collapse. Scientists fear that because humans are overheating the environment and over-consuming its material resources, we are generating a sixth extinction event that is extinguishing billions of...

This article examines the legal and moral basis for migration as a form of reparation for the harms inflicted on the states and peoples of the Global South through climate change and through centuries of predatory economic policies. Using Central American migration to the United States as a case...

In the context of the current anticorruption discourse it is critical to consider the systemic and structural manipulation of institutions, which potentially increases social/interpersonal and institutional distrust and lack of confidence, and creates the perception of “institutional...

Reparations is a policy proposal aiming to address the wealth gap between Black and White households. We provide a first formal analysis of the economics of reparations using a long-run model of heterogeneous dynasties with an occupational choice and bequests. Our innovation is to introduce...

Acute crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2008 financial meltdown exposed and exacerbated chronic racial wealth disparities. Those disparities accumulated over time as government and private actions—often involving contracts—systemically benefitted White Americans and institutions...

Chapter 1 Introduction -- Part 1 Historical Context -- Chapter 2 The European Slave Trade , Imperialism, Colonialism and Neo Colonialism: The Rise of the Western World and Unjust Enrichment -- Chapter 3 Income and Wealth Transfer – The Case of East Africa -- Part 2 Who Benefits and How Much -...

1. Chapter One: Introduction -- 2. Chapter Two: Self-Ownership and Property Rights -- 3. Chapter Three: Legacies of Injustice and Racial Inequality -- 4. Chapter Four: Property Rights and the Rule of Law -- 5. Chapter Five: Capitalism, Markets and Economic Equality -- 6. Chapter Six: Conclusion.

The views of Keynes on Trade policy are clear: Protectionism as well as hoarding a surplus in the balance of payment are wrong. This paper analyzes the optimality of protectionist policies and having a surplus in the context of the international political system. I show that in the situation of...