Slovakia has a centralised approach to water management, with one competent authority, the Ministry of Environment, taking charge of all aspects of WFD implementation. In addition, the Office for Regulation of Network Industries (ÚRSO) regulates both drinking water and sanitation tariffs as...

Poland has several layers of water governance, including Ministries, health authorities and authorities for water management and maritime affairs at the national level; voivodeships (provinces) as the competent authorities at the regional level for enforcement of regulation and implementation of...

Each of Austria's three RBDs: the Danube, the Rhine, and the Elbe is part of three international RBDs. An international agreement, permanent co-operation body, and international RBMP are in place in all three RBDs, but only the Danube and the Rhine iRBMPs (international RBMPs) can be easily...

At the time of this assessment, Belgium had submitted pdf RBMPs for all of its eight RBDs. Electronic reporting was only partially complete (only covering the 2 Flemish RBDs, the Brussels Region RBD for the Scheldt and the Noordzee RBD). The Flanders Region merged the RBMPs for Scheldt and Meuse...

Estonia has multiple authorities in charge of the different aspects of the RBMPs, most of them at national levels. The number of competent authorities identified has risen from three to nine since the 2nd RBMPs. All Estonian RBMPs include the objectives of the Floods Directive and the Marine...

Germany has a two-level approach to the governance of the implementation of the WFD: RBMPs at the (national) RBD level and international RBMPs. Some of the RBMPs have subplans. Specific sub-plans can be designed for specific water bodies, e.g. highly polluted water bodies, specific topics, or...

Sweden is divided into five governing RBDs, which together cover 10 river basin districts (RBDs). Sweden's water management acts through central, regional and local authorities. The Flood Risk Management Plans developed by the county administrative boards are coordinated with the PoMs and RBMPs,...

The Netherlands has a decentralised water governance approach to develop and implement water policy at different governmental levels. All four river basin districts (RBDs) in the Netherlands are covered by international agreements. A permanent cooperation body and an international river basin...

This study investigates the dynamics of human capital in borderlands, focusing on the case of the Minho River border between Spain and Portugal. We examine how this capital influences company sales in these culturally and economically intertwined regions. The problem is critical due to the...

Water scarcity is an important threat to food security in the Euphrates-Tigris river. Water scarcity is a huge worldwide problem that results from the rapid increase in water demand, which exceeds the amount of available water. The most significant problems currently affecting countries are food...

We exploit the public good attributes of Ganges water pollution cleanup and theoretically analyze an aggregate economy of two cities---Kanpur and Varanasi---through which the Ganges flows. Our specific objective is to study whether water pollution cleanup in these two cities ought to be provided...

We provide a theoretical framework to analyze how climate change influences the Ganges and how this influence affects pollution in the river caused by tanneries in Kanpur, India. We focus on two tanneries, A and B, that are situated on the same bank of the Ganges in Kanpur. Both produce leather...

The oil industry is responsible for production of many products in common use, such as plastic and fuel, which are used in various activities in modern society. However, the exploitation of these hydrocarbons has been considered aggressive to the environment and their reservoirs are not...

The study was done on the White Volta River that flows from Burkina Faso through Ghana into the Atlantic Ocean to analyze the frequency of flooding so as to provide a basis for flood prediction to protect life and property. Analysis of floods is important in management of peak discharges in...

We provide a theoretical framework to analyze how climate change influences the Ganges and how this influence affects pollution in the river caused by tanneries in Kanpur, India. We focus on two tanneries, A and B, that are situated on the same bank of the Ganges in Kanpur. Both produce leather...

We propose the river pollution claims problem to distribute a pollution budget among agents located along a river. A key distinction with the standard claims problem is that agents are ordered exogenously. For environmental reasons, the location of pollution along the river is an important...

Phytoplankton are sensitive to changes in river ecosystems. However, the spatial impacts of dams on phytoplankton communities have not been well documented, and the relationships between environmental drivers and phytoplankton communities in different types of river reaches need to be further...

Over five million people in south western Uganda depend on River Rwizi for some of their water needs. In recent years, the river has come under huge pressure from a number of challenges including pollution from urban wastes, destruction of its water catchment area and wetlands. The river's water...

Changes in river water quality often follow typical trajectories characterized by sequential phases of degradation and recovery induced by different management interventions, typically achieved with combinations of legislative and technological interventions. However, the key question about the...

In recent decades, India's environment has been severely compromised by riverine pollution combined with large-scale dams and exacerbated by diversion for irrigation. Most prominent among the rivers so affected has been the Ganges and its tributaries in northern India, which for Hindus include...

We exploit the public good attributes of Ganges water pollution cleanup and theoretically analyze an aggregate economy of two cities-Kanpur and Varanasi-through which the Ganges flows. Our specific objective is to study whether water pollution cleanup in these two cities ought to be provided in...

1. The Environmental Movement Begins: Maine’s Rivers -- 2. Big Concrete, the Tennessee River and the New Deal -- 3. Environmental Justice in the Olympics and on the Ottaway -- 4. The Glen Canyon Mistake -- 5. After the Gold Rush: Klamath River Justice -- 6. Columbia River and Salmon Passage --...

The Nile as a transboundary river attracts worldwide attention. 85% of the river originates in Ethiopia. However, Ethiopia has historically been excluded from using this resource for development purposes. Since 2011, Ethiopia has been building a dam on the Blue Nile. However, downstream...

Nitrogen pollution in medium-to-small rivers often brings about eutrophication to lakes. In this work, a composite technique consisting of retention pond (RP)-subsurface flow constructed wetland (SFCW)-stabilization pond (SP) was proposed in the present study. Results showed that RP-SFCW-SP can...

During the lockdown imposed due to the first wave of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there were several media reports of citizens flouting the lockdown rules in the United States. Upon closer investigation it was found that the rules were flouted mostly so that people could spend...

We propose the river pollution claims problem to distribute a limited pollution budget among agents located along a river. A key distinction with the standard claims problem is that agents are ordered and they are given priority based on their location in this order instead of their identity. We...

Low-polluted waters treated by traditional constructed wetlands (CWs) were usually difficult especially because of restricted available land use. A novel hybrid CWs could be applied to remediate low-polluted rivers, which can realize steps complementary to each other that exploit the specific...

Monitoring of microalgae in source water has become more important than ever, especially due to worsening eutrophication as well as global warming and an increase in potentially toxic cyanobacterial bloom formation. This research investigated using longer cuvette pathlengths (50-and 100-mm) and...

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are a concern in aquatic environments due to possible adverse effects on the environment and humans. This study assessed the occurrence and mass flows of CECs in Sweden’s three largest lakes and 24 associated rivers. The occurrence and distribution of...

Despite their great importance, floodplain sediments and floodplain soils are poorly studied in the valleys of small rivers in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe territory. We present the first detailed study of the geochemical composition of floodplain sediments in the valley of the Berezovka River,...

We study the relationship between water nutrient pollution and U.S. agriculture using data between the early 1970s and late 2010s. We estimate a positive causal effect of corn acreage on nitrogen concentration in the country's water bodies using alternative empirical approaches. We find that a...

An estimated quarter- to half-million guns are smuggled from the U.S. into Mexico each year. Seventy percent of guns recovered at Mexican crime scenes are traced back to the U.S. Many of these weapons are military-styled assault rifles, shipped into Mexico by U.S. drug gangs. This pipeline...

This study investigated the relationship between performance evaluation and teachers’ effective productivity in public senior secondary schools in Rivers West Senatorial District of Rivers State. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The correlational design was...

The growing water deficit in transboundary river basins of Central Asia determines the need to develop water facilities, promote water saving and ensure sound water management in all sectors of the economy, which requires significant long-term investment. To achieve sustainable development of...