Ein Pfeiler der deutschen Rüstungskontrollpolitik, nämlich die vertragsbasierte Begrenzung der Atomwaffenarsenale Russlands und der USA, steht vor dem Aus. Zur Kooperation ist Russland nicht mehr bereit. Die Bundesregierung erkennt die Lage als Zäsur und will ihre Politik neu ausrichten. Sie...

Ein Pfeiler der deutschen Rüstungskontrollpolitik, nämlich die vertragsbasierte Begrenzung der Atomwaffenarsenale Russlands und der USA, steht vor dem Aus. Zur Kooperation ist Russland nicht mehr bereit. Die Bundesregierung erkennt die Lage als Zäsur und will ihre Politik neu ausrichten. Sie...

Molten Salt Reactors (MSR) constitute one of the most promising designs seemingly able to solve the most challenging issues related to the use of nuclear energy for power generation: possibility of large radionuclide releases, nuclear waste and nuclear safeguards. However, MSRs also present a...

We examine how uncertain veracity of external news influences investor beliefs, market prices and corporate disclosures. Despite assuming independence between the news' veracity and the firm’s endowment with private information, we find that favorable news is taken “with a grain of salt”...

Graphene is very exciting and one of the best materials in the last decade. The interest in producing non-expensive and high-quality graphene is of great interest to many Departments of materials and researchers worldwide. The main goal of this research considers the design, development, and...

Using California county-level data, we show that municipal bond yields became less sensitive to local real estate tax revenues following the cap on state and local tax (SALT) deductions imposed by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). This effect is more pronounced in counties where taxpayers were...

This paper studies the long-term effect of taxation on economic geography and development. We rely on a unique natural experiment in place during France’s ancien régime: the salt tax. Introduced in the late 13th century and abrogated by the French Revolution in 1789, the salt tax was not...

Salt stress is a major environmental stimulus that severely restricts crop yield. Calcineurin B-like proteins-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are found to regulate antioxidant system to alleviate abiotic stress. However, the biological functions of CIPKs in soybean adaption to salt stress...

In order to verify the versatility of the experimental correlations of the previous work, and the same experimental method from the previous work is selected to obtain the heat transfer characteristics of the salt and subcritical water in the model of tube-shell heat exchanger. and it is...

Diatoms are of great interest for a plethora of biotechnological applications. The present work determines the prospect of mass cultivation for inducing diatom growth under the effect of seawater made from local salts. Using standard seawater, the comparative analysis was carried out both with...

Diatoms are of great interest for a plethora of biotechnological applications. The present work determines the prospect of mass cultivation for inducing diatom growth under the effect of seawater made from local salts. Using standard seawater, the comparative analysis was carried out both with...

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has emerged as an efficient and sustainable way to generate freshwater from seawater to address the crisis of drinkable water. Though rational designs of photothermal materials and structures are essential to the interfacial solar vaporization process, the...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) durability has been severely hindered by poor stability of carbon support in the cathodic Pt-based catalyst. Herein, a high-surface-area nitrogen doped graphitic nanocarbon (N-G-CA) with mesopores is developed as Pt support to address PEMFCs...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) durability has been severely hindered by poor stability of carbon support in the cathodic Pt-based catalyst. Herein, a high-surface-area nitrogen doped graphitic nanocarbon (N-G-CA) with mesopores is developed as Pt support to address PEMFCs...

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted significant attention as next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g –1 ) and energy density (2567 Wh kg –1 ) . However, the low electrical conductivity of S and the dissolution of...

Corrosion performance of stainless steels 316L and 347H, and nickel alloys 625 and 800H were investigated in molten sodium carbonate/potassium carbonate eutectic salt, which is a promising phase change material for use in thermal energy storage applications, at 750 °C under argon and CO2...

Aluminum matrix reinforced by "in situ" α-Al2O3 nanoparticles are fabricated via a direct chemical reaction between molten aluminum and TiO2 nanopowder under molten salt layer at 700-8000 C under air atmosphere, and the morphologies, sizes and distributions of the in situ particles, as well as...

This paper studies the long-term effect of taxation on economic geography and development. We rely on a unique natural experiment in place during France’s ancien régime: the salt tax. Introduced in the late 13th century and abrogated by the French Revolution in 1789, the salt tax was not...

The production and use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become extremely wide within the last decade. Hence, the high interest in producing non-expensive and quality CNTs has motivated many research projects. This research considers the design and development of new technology for producing...

Verlagsinfo: Sand, Eisen, Salz, Öl, Kupfer und Lithium: Diese auf den ersten Blick unscheinbaren, aber magischen Materialien haben über das Schicksal und den Wohlstand von Imperien entschieden, Zivilisationen hervorgebracht und zerstört sowie unsere Gier und unseren Erfindungsreichtum über...

"Potassium is a necessary ingredient of the fertilizer required to feed a growing world population. Accordingly, prices and corporate profits have soared to unprecedented levels in recent decades. While other countries such as Saudi Arabia and Norway have taken steps to capture the value of...

Through a meticulous analysis of various historical sources, the authors of this book have uncovered a wealth of information on the trade of salt and tobacco in Guizhou province, southwest of China, in the 1930s and 1940s. Their findings not only shed light on how commercial networks and the...

Long-term follow-up of early childhood health interventions is important for human capital accumulation. We provide experimental evidence on child health and human capital outcomes from the longer-term follow-up of a school-based nutrition intervention in India. Using panel data, we examine the...

Long-term follow-up of early childhood health interventions is important for human capital accumulation. We provide experimental evidence on child health and human capital outcomes from the longer-term follow-up of a school-based nutrition intervention in India. Using panel data, we examine the...

Sugary drinks taxes have been implemented around the world and governments around the world are considering extending these taxes to address concerns about rising obesity. We demonstrate the range of impacts a tax on added sugar and salt could have on purchases of food at home and out of the...

Long-term follow-up of early childhood health interventions is important for human capital accumulation. We provide experimental evidence on child health and human capital outcomes from the longer-term follow-up of a school-based nutrition intervention in India. Using panel data, we examine the...

Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable mental retardation in the world today. The condition, which was common in the developed world until the introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s, is connected to low iodine levels in the soil and water. We examine the impact of salt...

Is it feasible to build desalination plants for the co-production of salt and freshwater from U.S. seawater that could lead to a restructuring of supply chains for salt imports? As it is predicted that climate change will increase water stress worldwide, an increasing number of countries are...

We present experimental evidence on the impact of the use of double-fortified salt in school meals on anemia, cognition, and the learning outcomes of primary school children in rural Bihar, one of the poorest regions of India. We find that year-long intervention had statistically significant...

Salinity in surface waters is on the rise throughout much of the world. Many factors contribute to this change, including increased water extraction, poor irrigation management, and sea-level rise. To date no study has attempted to quantify the impacts on global food production. This paper...

This paper examines the effects of a massive salt iodization program on human capital formation of school-aged children in China. Exploiting province and time variation, we find a strong positive impact on cognition for girls and no effects for boys. For non-cognitive skills, we find the...

Traditional steam methane reforming facilities for producing hydrogen not only consume a large amount of natural gas, but also emit a lot of greenhouse gas. Considering the utilization of clean energy, the reduction of carbon dioxide emission, and the production of chemicals, this paper...

Salinity in surface waters is on the rise throughout much of the world. Many factors contribute to this change, including increased water extraction, poor irrigation management, and sea-level rise. To date no study has attempted to quantify the impacts on global food production. This paper...

This paper examines the effects of a massive salt iodization program on human capital formation of school-aged children in China. Exploiting province and time variation, we find a strong positive impact on cognition for girls and no effects for boys. For non-cognitive skills, we find the...

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, enacted in December 2017, places a $10,000 limit on the federal deduction for payments of state and local taxes (“SALT”). Several states with high numbers of adversely affected taxpayers have proposed or enacted legislative workarounds to this new cap. Much has...

This paper examines the effects of a massive salt iodization program on human capital formation of school-aged children in China. Exploiting province and time variation we find strong positive effects on cognition for girls and no effects for boys. For non-cognitive skills we find the opposite....

Salinity in surface waters is on the rise throughout much of the world. Many factors contribute to this change including increased water extraction, poor irrigation management, and sea-level rise. To date no study has attempted to quantify impacts on global food production. In this paper we...

This paper examines the effects of a massive salt iodization program on human capital formation of school-aged children in China. Exploiting province and time variation we find strong positive effects on cognition for girls and no effects for boys. For non-cognitive skills we find the opposite....

In 1924, The Morton Salt Company began nationwide distribution of iodine-fortified salt. Ac- cess to iodine, a key determinant of cognitive ability, rose sharply. We compare outcomes for cohorts exposed in utero with those of slightly older, unexposed cohorts, across states with high versus low...