Criminal activity is seasonal, peaking in the summer and declining through the winter. We provide the first evidence that arrests of children and reported crimes involving children follow a different pattern: peaking during the school year and declining in the summer. We use a regression...

This study uses the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) data, the only cross-national data having measured educational achievement during the COVID-19 pandemic, to investigate educational achievement decline of fourth graders across 21 European countries between 2016 and...

Criminal activity is seasonal, peaking in the summer and declining through the winter. We provide the first evidence that arrests of children and reported crimes involving children follow a different pattern: peaking during the school year and declining in the summer. We use a regression...

This paper combines ten years of idiosyncratic variation in school closure dates for all secondary schools in England with administrative records of educational and criminal trajectories linked at the individual level to study the impact of the school schedule on the dynamics of youth crime....

The Deferred Acceptance algorithm (DA) frequently produces Pareto inefficient allocations in school choice problems. While a number of efficient mechanisms that Pareto-dominate DA are available, a normative question remains unexplored: which students should benefit from efficiency enhancements?...

Curricula impart knowledge, instill values, and shape collective memory. Despite growing public funding for religious schools through U.S. school choice programs, little is known about what they teach. We examine textbooks from public schools, religious private schools, and home schools,...

This Guidance Note is part of the Safe Schools Practices guidance package and builds on the T&L strategies presented in the Chapeau Approach Note. This Note provides additional details, resources, and country case studies that offer richer details on why and how countries have employed safe...

Wang et al. (2024) report that Bangladeshi students randomly given access to lessons on a phone server saw significant learning gains during COVID- 19 school closures. We identify three sets of anomalies. First, this experiment shares participants with another experiment conducted simultaneously...

The pandemic induced a substantial enrollment shift away from public schools in fall 2020 and a partial return of students in fall 2021, leaving longer-term impacts unclear. We use Massachusetts state- and district-level data to explore enrollment patterns five years after the pandemic's onset....

The pandemic induced a substantial enrollment shift away from public schools in fall 2020 and a partial return of students in fall 2021, leaving longer-term impacts unclear. We use Massachusetts state- and district-level data to explore enrollment patterns five years after the pandemic's onset....

The changing pattern of quality in China’s rural schools across time and province is extracted from the differential labor market earnings of rural migrant workers. Variations in rates of return to years of schooling across migrant workers working in the same urban labor market but having...

This paper presents sibling fixed effects estimates of the relationship between school exclusion and subsequent academic achievement from population-wide administrative data on English secondary school students. It complements a growing base of quasi-experimental and individual fixed effects...

We examine whether anti-establishment outsider movements can leverage education and youth mobilization to build long-run political power. We study the expansion of state-run religious secondary schools in 1970s Türkiye and show that access to these schools catalyzed the emergence of Islamist...

This paper presents sibling fixed effects estimates of the relationship between school exclusion and subsequent academic achievement from population-wide administrative data on English secondary school students. It complements a growing base of quasi-experimental and individual fixed effects...

Exclusion is a disciplinary practice used by headteachers which removes misbehaving pupils from the classroom or from the school, either temporarily or permanently. Its growing use has led to increased concern about potential negative effects on excluded pupils, including on their educational...

Wie sich die Platzbedarfe in Kitas und Schulen entwickeln, hängt vorwiegend von der demografischen Ausgangslage in den Regionen ab. Diese wird wiederum maßgeblich vom Verlauf der Geburtenzahlen bestimmt. Hier unterscheiden sich die ehemaligen beiden deutschen Staaten auch mehr als drei...

Background/Purpose: In an increasingly competitive educational landscape, the school principal's role has expanded beyond instructional leadership to include strategic marketing responsibilities. Yet the role of marketing in school leadership remains underexplored. Our objective was to...

This study evaluates the impact of California's SB 328, the first statewide mandate delaying school start times for middle and high schools, on adolescent sleep, mental health, and academic outcomes. Using YRBS, ATUS, SEDA, and SAT data, we apply difference-in-differences and matched DID...

The evidence underscores the need to shift attention from school attainment to actual learning. While the average global return to an additional year of schooling is about 10 percent, a one standard deviation increase in test scores raises earnings by 15 percent. Studies show that including...

This paper replicates the analysis of Schneeweis et al. (2014) using their sample as well as an extended sample. Schneeweis et al. (2014) use the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) dataset and exploit compulsory schooling reforms implemented in six European countries to...

The evidence underscores the need to shift attention from school attainment to actual learning. While the average global return to an additional year of schooling is about 10 percent, a one standard deviation increase in test scores raises earnings by 15 percent. Studies show that including...

We estimate the future demand for public school classrooms using new school children population projections for 82 provinces and 33 urbanized cities of the Philippines up to 2060. A return to replacement-level fertility from the current 1.9 total fertility rate (TFR) is expected to ease demand...

The Learning Spaces School Toolkit provides practical guidance on how to make education infrastructure and learning environments more sustainable and supportive of the development of sustainability competences, student health, well-being and learning. The toolkit has been developed in the...

The Learning Spaces School Toolkit provides practical guidance on how to make education infrastructure and learning environments more sustainable and supportive of the development of sustainability competences, student health, well-being and learning. The toolkit has been developed in the...

This info sheet presents a concise overview of the EU School Scheme, which supports the distribution of fruit, vegetables, and milk to schoolchildren across Europe, along with educational and informational measures. It also summarizes key recommendations from the point of view of local and...

This paper estimates the impact of violence perpetrated by peers and school staff on student victims. Leveraging unique administrative data from Chile that links reports of school violence to individual educational records, we address longstanding data limitations that have constrained empirical...

This paper examines the availability and development of digital skills in the context of an increasing diffusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other digital technologies within the economy and the wider society. The paper first assesses Ireland's performance with respect to digital skills...

Bullying among children and young people remains prevalent in Ireland and is regarded as an important policy area, with recent initiatives (such as the Department of Education's Cineáltas: Action Plan on Bullying and Bí Cineálta Procedures) to prevent and address school-based bullying. To...

Toxic leadership in educational settings is a pervasive issue that negatively impacts both educators' well-being and organizational effectiveness. While previous research has largely focused on defining toxic leadership traits, fewer studies have examined how contextual factors-such as school...

This input paper explores what we mean by the digital and green transitions in the context of education and learning. Numerous documents exist that outline the EU-level policy goals and priorities for the twin transitions and set a course for the education sector's engagement with these agendas....

This input paper explores what we mean by the digital and green transitions in the context of education and learning. Numerous documents exist that outline the EU-level policy goals and priorities for the twin transitions and set a course for the education sector's engagement with these agendas....

We leverage pronounced changes in the availability of public schooling for young children - through duration expansions to the kindergarten day - to better understand how an implicit childcare subsidy affects mothers and families. Exploiting full-day kindergarten variation across place and time...

Educational tracking-separating students into tracks or schools by ability-is commonplace, but access and preferences for top programs often depend on socioeconomic status (SES), reinforcing inequality. We study shadow education in the context of an early-tracking system, exploiting score...

This article proposes a measure of educational mismatch based on a novel definition of schooling that takes into account the different levels of skills acquired by individuals with the same education. It is assumed that less (more) able individuals could compensate for their skill deficit...