In the late twentieth century, the European Union (EU) emerged as a global leader in setting environmental protections, including vehicle emissions standards. But member state consensus around environmental rules did not come easily, and the regional norms eventually set by the EU and its...

The European Union requires a single market for capital. Well-developed and integrated capital markets support economic growth and resilience across the region, offering benefits for businesses, households, and financial stability. This paper examines the importance of CMU in achieving five...

We propose and construct novel measures of the effectiveness and potential of trade blocs, combining estimation with granular data and simulation with a New Quantitative Trade Model. We deploy our methods and new indexes to quantify the potential benefits from (i) further integration within the...

The European Union faces several simultaneous threats to its competitiveness: weakness in the industries of the future, insufficient innovation, expensive energy, the need to green its economy, and geopolitical and trade shifts, to name but a few. The EconPol Europe Annual Conference, on whose...

Low market integration is a major barrier to European competitiveness in the digital economy. International collaboration of knowledge workers could help to harness market size advantage. Data from the largest coding platform reveals digital collaboration in Europe drops by 16.4 percent at...

As a company you can run into all kinds of legal and administrative obstacles preventing you from smoothly operating across the EU's single market. The European Commission is tracking these barriers in many areas, such as: insurance to do business, access to markets, including authorisations and...

As a company you can run into all kinds of legal and administrative obstacles preventing you from smoothly operating across the EU's single market. The European Commission is tracking these barriers in many areas, such as: insurance to do business, access to markets, including authorisations and...

Cyber Europe is a series of European Union-level cyber incident and crisis management exercises organised by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), intended for both the public and private sector across the European Union and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Member States....

Cyber Europe is a series of European Union-level cyber incident and crisis management exercises organised by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), intended for both the public and private sector across the European Union and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Member States....

In the context of the policy debate around business practices related to the marketing of branded food products as being identical (i.e. in their brand and appearance on the packaging) across EU Member States when, in fact, they differ significantly in composition or characteristics (i.e. in...

This is the 13th edition of the TARGET2-Securities Annual Report, which now covers a sixth full year since the end of the T2S migration period. The first edition was published in 2011, a pivotal year for the finalisation of the legal and technical documentation of T2S and for the CSDs'...

This is the 13th edition of the TARGET2-Securities Annual Report, which now covers a sixth full year since the end of the T2S migration period. The first edition was published in 2011, a pivotal year for the finalisation of the legal and technical documentation of T2S and for the CSDs'...

IMI is a generic online application connecting public authorities across borders and languages. Accessible to more than 30 000 users, IMI contains, in a secure environment, harmonised digital workflows and pre-defined communication forms, available in 23 languages that allow exchanges of...

IMI is a generic online application connecting public authorities across borders and languages. Accessible to more than 30 000 users, IMI contains, in a secure environment, harmonised digital workflows and pre-defined communication forms, available in 23 languages that allow exchanges of...

The single market has been a key pillar of Europe's economic success, but needs to be adapted to new developments and demands, such as the twin transition, in order to contribute to a competitive and successful European Union. A successful continuation of the single market demands improvements...

European countries are increasingly turning to industrial policy to address the challenge of geopolitical fragmentation, enhance productivity, and accelerate the green transition. Well-targeted industrial policy has the potential to correct market failures and support production efficiency by...

If the European Union is to achieve a sustainable net-zero economy, resources need to be used much more efficiently. Extraction from nature and processing of materials are the principal causes of biodiversity loss and are also major sources of pollution, water stress and greenhouse gas...

In its first ten years (2014-2023), the banking union was successful in its prudential agenda but failed spectacularly in its underlying objective: establishing a single banking market in the euro area. This goal is now more important than ever, and easier to attain than at any time in the last...

European integration, which culminated in the completion of the Single Market, the single currency and successive enlargements, is now faced with the question of strategic autonomy. Against this backdrop, the present paper has three objectives. First, it assesses the benefits of EU membership...

The foundation of the European Union-Turkey economic and trade relations lies in the Customs Union and more broadly in the bilateral preferential trade framework, established in December 1995. For over nearly three decades, this partnership has played a pivotal role in integrating Turkish...

Since 25 June 2024, the 27 member states of the European Union (EU) have been engaging in accession negotiations with Ukraine and Moldova. The EU wants and needs to provide a strategic response to new geopolitical challenges, especially the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine. At the same...

In its first ten years (2014-2023), the banking union was successful in its prudential agenda but failed spectacularly in its underlying objective: establishing a single banking market in the euro area. This goal is now more important than ever, and easier to attain than at any time in the last...

With the establishment of the Single Market in 1993, the EU created the centerpiece of European Integration. The Economic and Monetary union (EMU) with the introduction of the Euro should complete the economic integration. The anniversary of 30 years of EU's SM offers the opportunity to evaluate...

Recent ECJ case law regarding the taxation of investment funds seems to include elements of mutual recognition which is a rare phenomenon in the Court´s doctrine on direct taxation. Expanding on the rather clear positions of the Court in E, Veronsaajien oikeudenvalvontayksikkö (C-480/19) and A...

The single market currently sits at the centre of the European economic integration project and plays a key role in the EU processes of political and social integration.This centrality would have been purely totemic had it not been for the inherent success and resilience of the European...