Purpose This study analyzes the impact of sports social media on a country regarding three international events connected to the brand Spain. It examines (1) the use and importance of various social media platforms in sports events and (2) identifies the countries generating the most social...

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to revise traditional security strategies for international sporting events and has brought public health issues to the forefront as a systemic component. The study aimed to address the transformation of security management strategies at mass...

Sleep deprivation imposes significant public health and economic burdens. While researchers studying events like daylight saving time have quantified the impacts of population-wide sleep shifts, less is known about the consequences of acute, voluntary, and recreation-driven sleep loss. This...

On 5 June 2025, the Circular Cities and Regions Initiative (CCRI) and the European Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform (ECESP) joined forces to host a stakeholder event in Brussels and online. Part of EU Green Week 2025, the event offered insights into how circular strategies can be translated...

This article examines Japanese residents' perceptions of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. A nationwide survey measured attitudes towards the Games and perceptions of subjective well-being, comparing pre- and post-event evaluations to examine the impact of disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic....

The growing awareness of economic, environmental, and social issues related to tourism highlights the need to identify innovative practices that promote sustainability in tourist destinations. This study investigates mega sporting events and their fundamental role in sustainable tourism; these...

This study aims to analyze, through structural equation modelling, the interaction between the variables of congruence, trust, commitment, satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) in the context of a virtual sporting event, determining the significant relationships between these variables and their...

The EU Work Plan on Sport 2021-2024 sets knowledge-building and analysis of the situation in relation to the different rights of European athletes participating in sport events as a priority. The study's objective is to map, define, and discuss athletes' rights in and around big sport events...

The EU Work Plan on Sport 2021-2024 sets knowledge-building and analysis of the situation in relation to the different rights of European athletes participating in sport events as a priority. The study's objective is to map, define, and discuss athletes' rights in and around big sport events...

Promises are often made to potential stakeholders in exchange for supporting the initiative to host an event. This creates high expectations, which often fail to materialise. A unique characteristic of event projects is that time is a more critical constraint than in most other types of...

The aim of this paper is to propose research-based insights on factors behind an international sports governing body, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), forming a sponsorship agreement or partnership agreement with a prospective company. The problem to be solved is addressed as: what...

Motorsports have become a tourism resource for certain territories. Knowledge about the perception of impact and the support residents provide for their celebration contributes to ensuring their long-term success. The academic literature has so far focused on large-scale events, leaving a gap in...

Objective: The objective of the article is to examine the catering challenges for hospitality workers versus ticket sales at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival (MICF) in terms of their entrepreneurial behaviour. Research Design & Methods: This qualitative conceptual paper is based on...

Qatar hosted the 2022 FIFA World Cup (WC) successfully and took the opportunity to further develop its non-hydrocarbon economy. Near-term contributions to Qatar's economy, from visitors' spending and WC-related broadcasting revenue, of up to 1 percent of GDP was comparable to cross-country...

Referees and their assistants are faced with the challenge of making correct decisions in complex and high-speed game situations. Subconscious bias on the part of referees and the resulting systematic favouring of teams have already been shown many times in sports economics and impair fairness...

We analyze whether the Olympic Games contribute to a process of democratization in the awarded country, as postulated in the cases of the 2008 and 2014 Olympics, controlling for endogeneity issues that may arise if the decision to award host status by the International Olympic Committee is...

As Beijing became the first city in history to successfully host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games, this paper looks into the different visualizations of the two Olympics opening ceremonies in 2008 and 2022. By incorporating the concept of Nation Branding, it features a comparative case study...

Economic agents react to incentives, and this holds true for professional football teams as well. Double round-robin and single-match elimination represent two opposite competition regimes, with incentives varying distinctly between them. At the level of individual matches, a single defeat needs...

We analyse changes in the National Football League (NFL) due to ghost games in 2020. The home bias disappears as expected. This also applies to semi-ghost games with significantly fewer spectators than regular games and to referee decisions regarding penalties.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to compare measurement scales of sports fans' motivations applied to women's football. Design/methodology/approach - A survey research approach was used to collect 574 valid responses from participants in Brazil and the USA. Three prominent scales - Sport...

No, it was not. We do not find evidence that the Covid-19 pandemic affected the distribution of medals in a systematic way. Countries that suffered a higher share of deaths due to the pandemic, or that imposed stricter lockdowns, performed just as prior performances and standard economic and...