Throughout history, governments and investors have relied on predictions of prices for a broad spectrum of commodities. Using time-series data covering 08/23/2013-04/15/2021, this study investigates the challenging problem of predicting scrap steel prices, which are issued daily for the...

This paper studies the availability of post-consumer steel scrap in Europe until 2050. We introduce the indicator potentially available domestic post-consumer scrap (PADPS) which measures the amount of (steel) scrap from obsolete products available for recycling, prior to trade in scrap. We...

The EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) entered into application in its transitional phase on 1 October 2023. CBAM is the EU's landmark tool to put a fair price on the greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted during the production of certain GHG-intensive goods, including iron and steel,...

As an important sphere of corporate strategy, Mergers and Acquisitions have been undergoing a sea change within the economic set -up since liberalization in India. Massive growth in both Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Institutional Investors has been witnessed by the economy. Rather than...

A superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle greater than 160° and a sliding angle ~2° was fabricated by a simple, low-cost chemical etching method. The evaporation characteristics of glycerol-water droplets with different viscosities on the superhydrophobic surface and the smooth surface...

A superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle greater than 160° and a sliding angle ~2° was fabricated by a simple, low-cost chemical etching method. The evaporation characteristics of glycerol-water droplets with different viscosities on the superhydrophobic surface and the smooth surface...

This paper demonstrates a selective laser melting method to produce a metal matrix composite capable of enhancing the thermal conductivity of 316L stainless steel using a jettable Cu ink. A novel canister for controlling the atmosphere surrounding a powder bed during selective laser melting, was...

The microstructure evolution of 254 super austenitic stainless steel at five typical cooling rates (6-1000 °C min -1 ) were observed by high temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy (HT-CSLM). The results showed that the solidification mode of 254SMO was austenite-ferrite type (AF mode)....

Recent studies report that the overall burden of tariffs has entirely passed to U.S. firms and consumers in terms of higher import prices. However, using 10-digits import data from U.S. Customs for 2018-2019, we find that import prices of steel products behaved differently: First, foreign...

This briefing paper provides an overview of t he global iron and steel sector. It describes the properties of iron ore and delineates the geographical distribution of deposits and trade flows. Further, it explains pricing mechanisms and addresses environmental impacts. Iron and steel are key...

This paper examines the controversy surrounding recent allegations that foreign producers are dumping steel products onto U.S. markets. The paper is in four sections, which take four quite distinct views of dumping and recent U.S. antidumping policies, emphasizing the changing definition of...

This paper examines United States Steel's acquisition by long-term lease of the iron ore properties of the Great Northern Railway. This 1906 transaction, which significantly increased U.S. Steel's already substantial ore holdings, has been characterized by contemporary observers and modern...

Recently, the United States International Trade Commission conducted a Section 201 or "escape clause" hearing to determine whether imports have been the most significant cause of injury to the U.S. steel industry. This paper suggests a methodology for conducting the necessary analysis for such...

We examine the impact of the steel tariffs imposed by the United States in 2018. The tariffs were unusual in their size – 25% – and comprehensive coverage. These characteristics, as well as the concentrated nature of the U.S. industry, make the tariffs a useful instrument for measuring...

We analyze the price effects of steel commodities on stock market returns in emerging and developed economies. These commodities have recently attained increased media exposure due to the rise in the U.S. steel import tariffs, which pose the threat of reducing global demand for steel products...

Steel is strategic for the future of European industry. And industry has always been a cornerstone of economic prosperity in Europe as reminded in the 2017 Commission 'Industrial Policy Strategy'. Efforts are needed to maintain and reinforce industrial leadership in the age of globalisation,...

Die Rohstahlerzeugung ist im Jahr 2018 weltweit um 4,7% gewachsen. Damit ist die Kapazitätsauslastung zwar leicht gestiegen, bleibt aber im längerfristigen Vergleich niedrig. Für 2019 zeichnet sich allerdings aufgrund der weltweit nachlassenden wirtschaftlichen Dynamik eine Zunahme der...

Purchase obligations are forward contracts with suppliers and are used more broadly than traded commodity derivatives. This paper is the first to document that these contracts are a risk management tool and have a material impact on corporate hedging activity. Firms that expand their risk...

Nowadays, prequalification criteria for seismic resistant beam-to-column joints are missing in Europe. In addition, specific requirements and design rules for these joints are not provided by Eurocodes, which gives rules only for non-seismic joints, even though dissipative joints are allowed by...

Nowadays, prequalification criteria for seismic resistant beam-to-column joints are missing in Europe. In addition, specific requirements and design rules for these joints are not provided by Eurocodes, which gives rules only for non-seismic joints, even though dissipative joints are allowed by...

Purchase obligations are forward contracts with suppliers and are used more broadly than traded commodity derivatives. This paper is the first to document that these contracts are a risk management tool and have a material impact on corporate hedging activity. Firms that expand their risk...

Purchase obligations are forward contracts with suppliers and are used more broadly than traded commodity derivatives. This paper is the first to document that these contracts are a risk management tool and have a material impact on corporate hedging activity. Firms that expand their risk...

The world iron ore and steel trade is undergoing significant restructuring, with rapidly developing economies in regions such as China, India, and South Korea emerging as key centers of growth in the sector. Alternatively, the industrialized economies of the European Union, Japan, and North...

An econometric model of world trade in iron or and steel was developed to examine the impact on world supply, demand, trade, and prices due to prolonged growth in Chinese industrial production. The model - built in 1993 adequately predicted the phenomenal growth in production and prices that...

This project compares 3 different production routes of high strength stainless steels precision parts, including the heat treatment on accuracy of a demonstrator product and tries to make the production route predictive by numerical modelling using FEM models and building the necessary...

This project compares 3 different production routes of high strength stainless steels precision parts, including the heat treatment on accuracy of a demonstrator product and tries to make the production route predictive by numerical modelling using FEM models and building the necessary...

We propose the mathematical model of the price movement for the carbon steel and ferrous scrap from the market data. First, we check two models for the ferrous scrap data, i.e., one is a linear Gaussian model, and the other is a lognormal model. Secondly, the mathematical model of the carbon...

The aim of this study is twofold: (a) to report a flow analysis based on trends of steel across some leading geo-economic players; (b) to analyse the long-term relationship between steel consumption and economic growth by the sensitivity of the demand of steel consumption to a change in the...