ERM-AE200 is a set of three ethanol materials certified for the deuterium (D) distribution (deuterium-tohydrogen (D/H) amount of substance ratios and the relative deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio), produced within the scope of ISO 17034 accreditation [1] and ISO Guide 35:2017 [2]. The certified...

Background: studies have shown that one potential cause of obesity is excessive sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption; and its health harm is not often fully accounted for when people are making consumption decisions. Objective: to measure the monetary value of harm from excessive SSB...

Brands seeking to achieve reduced sugar content in their products generally adjust their product line to include products (i) with lower sugar content, which decreases the brand’s relative sugar content, or introduce (ii) smaller package sizes, which lowers its sugar content per package. Such...

This paper provides a new foundation of soft drink taxation. We abstract from externalities and internalities previously used to justify such taxation and, instead, emphasize that neither explicit nor implicit markets and prices for sugar content can be expected to emerge. Hence, in the absence...

This paper provides a new foundation of soft drink taxation. We abstract from externalities and internalities previously used to justify such taxation and, instead, emphasize that neither explicit nor implicit markets and prices for sugar content can be expected to emerge. Hence, in the absence...

Purpose: Sugar is the most common food product necessary for human life, the main component of which is sucrose and other impurities. The exchange-based nature of the sugar trade makes it easier to enter the market and helps to remove market barriers. The world sugar market is one of the most...

This paper outlines the salient characteristics of competing models of economic regulation and controls. It then examines the evolution of the American sugar program from 1934 to 1987 in the light of these models. While lobbying and other features of traditional models were clearly important,...

A government clamp-down on sugar would be damaging and unnecessaryGovernment intervention in the market can only be justified if there is a market failure and if government action will make a positive difference. This paper looks at several potential failures in the sugar market. These include...

In March 2016, George Osborne announced a ‘sugar levy’ on soft drink companies to start in April 2018. Under this policy, companies will be taxed on sales of medium and high sugar drinks (excluding fruit juice and milk-based drinks). As an anti-obesity policy, the sugar levy seems arbitrary....

Taxing food and soft drinks in the name of obesity is not a new idea. Dozens of jurisdictions have experimented with such taxes over the years, allowing economists to study their impact. The results have consistently showed the following: demand for sugary drinks, snacks and fatty foods is...

Sugary drinks taxes have been implemented around the world and governments around the world are considering extending these taxes to address concerns about rising obesity. We demonstrate the range of impacts a tax on added sugar and salt could have on purchases of food at home and out of the...

Sugar is one of the consumer goods, which is consumed by everyone in the society for one's household purpose. It became an article of general human consumption when it was introduced into the house-hold of "Queen Elizabeth" in the middle of the 16h Century. History of sugar industry in India...

In this article we examine exclusionary coalitions: groups of suppliers and customers that work collectively to keep out rivals and share in the resulting benefits. We offer a typology of horizontal and vertical coalitions, which we connect to economic theories about how exclusion is...

Domestic sugar demand is important to know as Indonesia now has been the largest economics country in South East Asia. With the world's fourth largest population, Indonesia's sugar demand is certainly fascinating. Therefore, research is needed, what factors influence the demand for Indonesian...

The effect of the United States (US) sugar program on sugar-using firm profitability from 2000 to 2017 is examined using firm financial data and the relative US-to-world sugar price ratio. Return on assets and market-to-book ratio proxy for firm financial performance. The regression results...

This study investigates on the regulation of sugar market price in developing countries. Sugar industry is one of the most regulated industry subjected to import duties, subsidies and quotas. Most of the sugar produced in developing countries is for home consumption that is to satisfy the local...

From 2002 to today, world sugar production has steadily increased due to higher food consumption and biofuel production. Furthermore, in the European Union, the CAP 2014-2020 new reform abolished the system of production and sugar exportation quotas by 1 October 2017. Therefore, since that date,...

"Sweet Fuel: A Political and the Environmental History of Brazilian Ethanol traces the ethanol industry from its inception under a state institution in 1933 through the height of government intervention under the national program during the dictatorship to its rebirth with the launch of the...

Background/Objectives: The increased consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been associated with risks of obesity, and corresponding risks of type 2-diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In order to reduce the intake of these beverages, the South African government has...

Background/Objectives: The increased consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been associated with risks of obesity, and corresponding risks of type 2-diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In order to reduce the intake of these beverages, the South African government has...

This paper aims to present the sugar beet and sugar market from a marketing perspective, both at national and european level, taking into account the main elements of the custom marketing mix on the sugar beet and sugar market (product, price, promotion, distribution) as well as the...

We study the impact of a hypothetical tax on sugar - sweetened beverages (SSBs) on the US households' nutrients purchase, welfare change, and health benefit. Differently from the traditional approach, Food at Home(FAH) is here defined as a “home” good instead than a market good and...

We study the impact of a hypothetical tax on sugar - sweetened beverages (SSBs) on the US households' nutrients purchase, welfare change, and health benefit. Differently from the traditional approach, Food at Home (FAH) is here defined as a “home” good instead than a market good and...

In 2015, as part of the EU Framework for National Initiatives on Selected Nutrients, the EU High Level Group on Nutrition and Physical Activity (HLG) set as a target the reduction of added sugars in food products by a minimum of 10% by 2020 against a 2015 baseline. A suitable monitoring...

In 2015, as part of the EU Framework for National Initiatives on Selected Nutrients, the EU High Level Group on Nutrition and Physical Activity (HLG) set as a target the reduction of added sugars in food products by a minimum of 10% by 2020 against a 2015 baseline. A suitable monitoring...