The recent introductory of e-payment services in Syria and the overwhelming interest of such new services call for thorough investigation of their quality and venues for improvement to unleash their full potential. This study investigates the quality of e-payment services offered by mobile...

On 8 December 2024, the Assad regime in Syria was overthrown by a rebel alliance led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). The collapse of the family dictatorship was made possible by shifts in regional and international power dynamics. Key factors included Turkish support for the rebels, the...

On 8 December 2024, the Assad regime in Syria was overthrown by a rebel alliance led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). The transitional government under Ahmad al-Sharaa now faces enormous economic, social and political challenges. It has yet to establish control over the country as a whole; and...

On December 8, 2024, the sudden collapse of Bashar al-Assad's regime, abruptly changed Syria's political landscape and reshaped the return prospects for millions of Syrians living abroad. We exploit this unanticipated regime change as a natural experiment to estimate the causal impact of...

The purpose of this report is to provide relevant information for the assessment of applications for international protection, and in particular for use in updating EUAA's country guidance on Syria. The report covers the period of November 2024 - February 2025, and should be read in conjunction...

The purpose of this report is to provide relevant information for the assessment of applications for international protection, and in particular for use in updating EUAA's country guidance on Syria. The report covers the period of March - May 2025, and should be read in conjunction the EUAA COI...

Fourteen years of conflict have devastated Syria's economy. The assessment takes stock of Syria's economic trajectory amid ongoing political transition and regional instability. It highlights the severe erosion of Syria's economic base, chronic fiscal pressures, and the profound impact of...

This study investigates how the economic structure of host regions shapes the labor market impacts of refugee inflows, focusing on the case of the Syrian refugee influx into Germany in 2014-2015. Utilizing a fuzzy difference-in-differences approach, the analysis introduces a novel measure of...

This interim document takes stock of the change of regime and draws some preliminary conclusions pending a fuller update when the situation in Syria permits. It aims to provide guidance on the impact of the fall of the Assad regime on the profiles who were covered in the 'EUAA, Country Guidance:...

Causal evidence on the effectiveness of refugee labor market integration programs remains limited. This report presents baseline findings from a randomized controlled trial evaluating such a program for Syrian refugees and Turkish nationals with limited labor market attachment in Türkiye - the...

Syrien ist eines der bedeutendsten Herkunftsländer der zugewanderten Bevölkerung in Deutschland. So hatten Ende des Jahres 2023 rund 933.000 Personen die syrische (und nicht die deutsche) Staatsangehörigkeit, was einem Anteil von 1,1 Prozent der Bevölkerung entspricht. Dabei war in den...

On December 8, 2024, the sudden collapse of Bashar al‑Assad's regime, abruptly changed Syria's political landscape and reshaped the return prospects for millions of Syrians living abroad. We exploit this unanticipated regime change as a natural experiment to estimate the causal impact of...

On 8 December 2024, the Assad regime in Syria was overthrown by a rebel alliance led by Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). The collapse of the family dictatorship was made possible by shifts in regional and international power dynamics. Key factors included Turkish support for the rebels, the...

On 8 December 2024, the Assad regime in Syria was overthrown by a rebel alliance led by Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). The transitional government under Ahmad al-Sharaa now faces enormous economic, social and political challenges. It has yet to establish control over the country as a whole; and...

The purpose of this report is to provide relevant information for the assessment of applications for international protection, and in particular for use in updating EUAA's country guidance on Syria. The report covers the period of November 2024 - February 2025, and should be read in conjunction...

Refugee protection in Europe is characterized by free-riding and a highly inequitable distribution of responsibilities across EU member states. Refugee protection as a public good suffers from collective action challenges that have contributed to the under-provision of refugee protection...

Tackling an under-explored topic in the scientific literature, with high potential and of societal relevance, the paper aims at investigating the entrepreneurial intentions of Syrian refugees in Türkiye. Drawing from the experience of 50 interviewees, the research reveals a population with...

The purpose of this report is to provide relevant information for the assessment of applications for international protection, and in particular for use in updating EUAA's country guidance on Syria. The report covers the period of March - May 2025, and should be read in conjunction the EUAA COI...

Since 2021, Turkey embarked on a Middle East reconciliation initiative involving Syria, Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This initiative responds partly to evolving regional dynamics and Turkey's specific challenges, such as its protracted economic crisis and...

Small-scale agricultural and horticultural interventions play a critical role in improving nutrition and food security of vulnerable households in peaceful settings. However, scant rigorous evidence exists on the impacts and sustainability of such interventions in conflict settings. In this...

Purpose - The escalation of Turkish intervention in Arab internal affairs before and after the revolutions of the Arab Spring, particularly the military intervention. Sometimes Ankara threatens with military intervention and sometimes establishes large military bases in Arab countries: Qatar,...

The recent introductory of e-payment services in Syria and the overwhelming interest of such new services call for thorough investigation of their quality and venues for improvement to unleash their full potential. This study investigates the quality of e-payment services offered by mobile...

This the second update of the JRC scientific analysis on the post-earthquake situation in Turkiye and Syria, which started 6 Feb 2023 at 01:17 UTC - 04:17 local time (previous reports published on 6 and 7 February respectively). Along with updated figures on the humanitarian impact in both...

The purpose of this report is to provide relevant information for the assessment of applications for international protection, including refugee status and subsidiary protection, and in particular for use in updating EUAA's country guidance document on Syria. The report covers the period of...

The purpose of this report is to provide relevant information for the assessment of applications for international protection, including refugee status and subsidiary protection, and in particular for use in updating EUAA's country guidance document on Syria. In order to support the assessment...

Refugees face important barriers to participation in the formal market, which locks them in informal employment and makes them more vulnerable to shocks. Using data from Jordan, this paper compares the job finding and separation rates of Syrian refugees to those of their hosts before and after...

The data for estimating monetary poverty in the Syrian Arab Republic are outdated. In the context of data scarcity, this paper aims to propose a methodological approach to address the knowledge gap regarding welfare in Syria over the past decade. In particular, the analysis provides (i) updated...

This study investigates the impact of the Syrian civil war and refugee status on the risk of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) among Syrian women in Jordan, the country with the second highest refugee-to-native ratio worldwide. We analyze data from the 2017-18 Jordan Population and Family...

This Syria Economic Monitor leverages innovative alternative and remote-based data sources to analyze recent economic developments in a nation still grappling with the most deadly and one of the most protracted conflicts in recent history. Throughout 2023, Syria's dire economic situation...

Since 2021, Turkey embarked on a Middle East reconciliation initiative involving Syria, Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This initiative responds partly to evolving regional dynamics and Turkey’s specific challenges, such as its protracted economic crisis and...

Purpose - This paper aims at contributing to our understanding of how self-settled Syrian refugees (registered and non-registered) use informal practices to forge their non-political agency and how this agency could be considered as political acts. Design/methodology/approach - This paper was...

Purpose - This study aims to highlight the dimensions of the rivalry over the regional role between two regional powers in the Middle East, and the impact of local, regional and international pressures of the Syrian crisis on the role performance of the competing forces....

Purpose - The escalation of Turkish intervention in Arab internal affairs before and after the revolutions of the Arab Spring, particularly the military intervention. Sometimes Ankara threatens with military intervention and sometimes establishes large military bases in Arab countries: Qatar,...

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in early 2022 and the ensuing EU–Russian clash over the fate of Ukraine highlight the importance of explaining the outcomes of EU–Russian crisis bargaining. Complementing existing accounts, we argue that favourable preference constellations are key: The more...

Qatar's domestic and foreign policy since the 1990s has developed along three main lines: The emirate has expanded its gas production and supplies liquefied gas to as many countries as possible; it assures itself of US military protection by providing bases; and it conducts a "soft power"...