Is the harmonization of different food standards between countries in the context of free trade agreements exclusively positive, or is there a risk of high social costs for consumers? The harmonization of different national regulations plays an important role in contemporary trade policy. In...

Can consumers trust that the food they buy in the supermarket, even if imported, is not harmful to their health? What would be the consequences if their trust in existing health and safety standards were to be undermined by recognizing lower foreign standards? Against the backdrop of public...

This paper analyses the possible impact of TTIP's Regulatory Cooperation on the implementation of the precautionary principle in the EU. The European Commission argues that regulatory cooperation will not impinge on the application of the precautionary principle because, first, it does not...

The implementation of the European Union’s (EU) Green Deal to reduce emissions by 2030 and to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 will have an impact on the EU’s trade policy and on its trade relations with its non-EU partners. With the ongoing decarbonisation process of European economic...

This article explores the theory of regulatory chill from an intellectual property perspective. It assesses the implications of some of the most controversial investor-state dispute settlement disputes involving intellectual property rights. It argues that the threat to regulatory freedom posed...

For the European Union (EU), the dynamics of signing bilateral trade and investment agreements with third countries is steadily going forward. Good examples of such agreements are the controversial “Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement” (“CETA”) between Canada and the EU and, the...

This paper shows that Investor-State Dispute Settlements (ISDS) makes multinational firms more aggressive by increasing cost-reducing investments with the aim to enlarge the potential compensation an ISDS provision may offer. While a larger investment reduces the market distortion, it will also...

This paper empirically investigates the impact of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) on per capita emissions of eight air pollutants and municipal waste. We employ the same explanatory variables and apply the same empirical strategy and methodologies as in (Qirjo and...

The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) generated an unprecedented public contestation across Europe. In this paper, we focus on the sources of such backlash in European public opinion. Previous studies of this issue have analysed opinions on free trade and the specific...

This paper aims to examine the debate surrounding negotiations of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). The EU and US began negotiations for this comprehensive commercial agreement in July 2013 and have still not reached consensus. This article aims to assess the possibility...

The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) generated an unprecedented contestation across Europe. In this paper, we focus on the sources of such backlash and analyze opinions on free trade and the specific agreement. Not accounting for the fact that these preferences are...

This chapter analyses the implications of the EU's recent practice of negotiating megaregional trade agreements for democratic participation in general and the European Parliament (EP) in particular. One of the key bones of contention in negotiating this new-generation type of trade deals is the...

This contribution focuses on a highly controversial issue of recent times – the inclusion of investment protection provisions, including investor-state arbitration (ISDS), in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), currently being negotiated between the European Union and...

Since 2013, the European Union (EU) is negotiating with the United States of America (US) a Free Trade Agreement (FTA ), the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTI P). A controversial topic in the negotiations are the different quality standards in the agri-food sectors of both...

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which entered into force on 1 January 1994, is an agreement between Mexico, Canada and the United States to ensure that covered goods and services fall under a comprehensive free trade agreement among the three countries. NAFTA included, in...

The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, better known under the name “TTIP”, is a bilateral trade and investment agreement that has been negotiated between the European Union and the United States since 2013. The respective administrations on both sides of the Atlantic have...

Radio broadcasts, TV shows and online media make a significant contribution to day-to-day consumer information and have a great impact on public opinion. The present study provides an overview of the German reporting about the quality standards of the agri-food industry in the context of the...

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to confront the social expectations of the TTIP, and how it effects the so-called “expert knowledge”. Defining a mismatch between the social expectations and expert knowledge may contribute to better understanding of the controversies related to the TTIP....

The main objective of this study is to ascertain the importance and necessity of Turkey, based on trade and investment, in TTIP agreement as a partner country with both European Union (EU) and the USA. Here, it uses secondary data sources - Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) and...

The reduction of non-tariff measures (NTMs) has become the key policy variable to evaluate modern and deep free trade agreements (FTAs), such as the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). In this chapter we overview the two main approaches to estimating NTM reductions associated...

Current political discussions on the relationship of technical standards to the Transatlantic, Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) concern the question whether TTIP can provide a transatlantic level playing field for technical standards, and whether this will negatively affect technical...

Agricultural and food sectors are well-developed in both the European Union (EU) and the United States of America (US), highly productive and strongly protected. Over the last 50 years, much of the current regulations which have emerged does not interfere with abundantly transatlantic trade,...

What is the cost of non-TTIP for the European Union and the United States? To address this question, this paper develops a network trade model with international sector-level input-output linkages. Our model is entirely general with closed-form solutions and can be used for any trade policy...

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to confront the social expectations of the TTIP, and how it effects the so-called "expert knowledge". Defining a mismatch between the social expectations and expert knowledge may contribute to better understanding of the controversies related to the TTIP....

The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a bilateral trade agreement that is currently being negotiated between the European Union and the United States. One of its principal characteristic consists in the inclusion of intellectual property rights under the investments...

This book explores the debate and politicisation of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations in the Spanish, French and British public spheres. It addresses the questions of how and to what extent the national media discourses about TTIP were Europeanised, and how...

The objective of this Trade Sustainability Impact Assessment (Trade SIA) is to assess how the trade and trade-related provisions under negotiaton could affect economic, social, and environmental issues in the EU and the US, as well is in other countries, in particular Turkey and developing...

This Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) is intended to provide the European Commission with an in-depth analysis of the potential economic, social, human rights, and environmental consequences of a Transatlantic Trade & Investment Partnership (TTIP) in order to inform its negotiation...

I develop an index for economic integration accounting for its gradual and bilateral nature: the Gradual And Bilateral Integration (GABI) index. The graduality captures differences in the depth and path of five stages in economic integration and is an improvement over the use of binary dummy...

The international economic debate on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) has focused mainly on trade induced real income gains while the FDI related and innovation induced benefits have been largely neglected, although the EU and the US are leading FDI host countries and...

The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a controversial subject, but at the same time it is perceived to be the most comprehensive international agreement on free trade and investment protection. Among the topics that evoke criticism on the part of different social groups is...

The international economic debate on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) has focused mainly on trade induced real income gains while the FDI related and innovation induced benefits have been largely neglected, although the EU and the US are leading FDI host countries and...